本文運用文件分析法，考察並分析日本中等教育課程改革的官方文件以及 相關的文獻資料，首先解析出日本中等教育課程改革的現況、過程、重點與特 色，其次，並透過新舊《學習指導要領》的比較分析，從中整理出新舊課程內 容的差異，藉著對我國課程改革提出一些建言，結果得知，日本中等教育課程 修訂的過程採由上而下的方式進行，重視與初等教育的課程連貫；課程修訂的 目的在於培養生涯學習所需的生存能力，藉由增加國語、數學、社會、理科、 體育保健以及英語的教學時數來提升日本學生的學力；其課程改革的制度化、 定期性的課程評鑑、自律學習能力的養成、語言能力的充實與學力的提升等值 得台灣借鏡。

By analyzing the literatures and documents, this paper explores the new curriculum guidelines for second education in Japan. It consists of (a) a thorough understanding of the revising processes of the curriculum guidelines and of the importance of curriculum reform; (b) a comparative study of the contents of the old curriculum guidelines and the new curriculum guidelines; (c) a suggestion for curriculum reform in Taiwan's second education. The revision of the curriculum reform has been based on a top-down model, which obeys the "principle of surviving," i.e. to train student's capacity of surviving in present times. According to this principle, all subjects of study like Japanese, arithmetic, social studies, science, physical education as well as English are designed. The final part of this paper suggests that we should learn from Japan's curriculum reform and take the principle of surviving to reform our education system, including regular curriculum evaluation, autonomous learning, the enforcement of scholastic ability and the language capacity.