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題名：商業言論與憲法的言論自由保障
書刊名：臺灣政治學刊
作者：賴祥蔚
作者(外文)：Lai, Weber H. W.
出版日期：2010
卷期：14:1
頁次：頁159-199
主題關鍵詞：商業言論；廣告；言論自由；憲法；第一修正案；Commercial speech；Advertising；Freedom of speech；Constitution；First Amendment
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(7) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:6
  • 共同引用共同引用:163
  • 點閱點閱:130
言論自由普遍受到民主國家的憲法明文保障，這是因爲言論具有重要價值。然而，商業言論是否享有憲法言論自由條款的賦予完全保障，其實頗有疑義，這個議題與商業言論的價值高低有關。回顧美國經驗，從主張商業言論享有憲法對言論自由的保障至今，不只學界對其定義、價值與受到保障的程度尚未形成一致見解，最高法院過去六十多年的判決也頗有改變，對於此一議題仍存在不少爭議。相較於美國已經出現頗多判例與詮釋，台灣關於商業言論的憲法解釋與學界研究則相對有限，本文之目的，正在於回顧與分析論美國的商業言論發展經驗，並且對照台灣的相關進程，從而提出討論與建議。
In recent years, the U.S. Supreme Court's treatment of commercial speech has undergone transformations, from total non-protection under the First Amendment to less protection or even to qualified protection. However, why is commercial speech entitled to only less protection? The transformations indicate that commercial speech may not be less valuable than political speech according to truth or individual rationale but not democratic rationale. Even though the Court has not been unanimous on the issue, there are plenty of important precedents and studies in the U.S. Despite significant alterations in judicial outcomes in recent years, certain aspects of commercial speech may be much the same as before, and the theoretical justification for this deferential approach has thus far not been clearly spelled out. Compared with that, Judicial Yuan interpretations and academic discussions on commercial speech are still limited in Taiwan. This paper will sum up the main treatments of the Courts and review the main claims and viewpoints of that topic in both countries.
期刊論文
1.賴祥蔚(20050600)。從言論自由邁向傳播權。臺灣政治學刊，9(1)，199-231。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Shiffrin, Steven H.(1983)。The First Amendment and Economic Regulations: Away from a General Theory of the First Amendment.。Northwestern University Law Review，78，1212-1283。  new window
3.Weinstein, J.(2007)。“Fool, Knaves, and the Protection of Commercial Speech: A Response to Professor Redish.”。Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review，41，133-168。  new window
4.林子儀(1987)。商業性言論與言論自由。美國月刊，2(8)。  延伸查詢new window
5.Scanlon, Thomas M.(1979)。Freedom of Expression and Categories of Expression。University of Pittsburgh Law Review，40(4)，519-550。  new window
6.李建良(20011100)。藥物廣告的限制及其合憲性。臺灣本土法學雜誌，28，75-89。  延伸查詢new window
7.Emerson, Thomas I.(1980)。First Amendment Doctrine and the Burger Court。California Law Review，68(3)，422-481。  new window
8.Redish, Martin H.(1982)。The Value of Free Speech。U. PA. L. Rev.，130，591-645。  new window
9.Redish, Martin H.(1996)。Tobacco advertising and the First Amendment。Iowa Law Review，81，589-636。  new window
10.黃銘傑(19980100)。美國法上的言論自由與商業廣告--兼論司法院大法官會議釋字第四一四號解釋。國立臺灣大學法學論叢，27(2)，347-393。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.李念祖(20050800)。菸品標示管制與言論自由之限制--釋字第五七七號解釋之研究。東吳法律學報，17(1)，1-30。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.Emerson, Thomas I.(1963)。Toward a General Theory of the First Amendment。Yale Law Journal，72，887-956。  new window
13.大法官會議(1996)。〈釋字第414 號解釋文〉。《司法院公報》，38（12），5-16。  延伸查詢new window
14.大法官會議(2004)。〈釋字第577 號解釋文〉。《司法院公報》，46（6），1-34。  延伸查詢new window
15.大法官會議(2007)。〈釋字第623 號解釋文〉。《司法院公報》，49（1），1-75。  延伸查詢new window
16.Alexander, L., and D. A. Farber.(1980)。“Commercial Speech and First Amendment Theory: A Critical Exchange.”。Northwestern University Law Review，80，307-15。  new window
17.Blocher, Joseph.(2008)。“Institutions in the Marketplace of Ideas.”。Duke Law Journal，57 (4)，821-90。  new window
18.Bork, Robert H.(1971)。Neutral Principles and Some First Amendment Problems。Indiana Law Journal，47(1)，1-35。  new window
19.Cass, Ronald A.(1987)。“The Perils of Positive Thinking: Constitutional Interpretation and Negative First Amendment Theory.”。UCLA Law Review，34，1405-12。  new window
20.Cass, Ronald A.(1988)。“Commercial Speech, Constitutionalism, Collective Choice.”。University of Cincinnati Law Review，56，1317-82。  new window
21.Coase, Ronald H.(1974)。“The Market for Goods and the Market forIdeas.”。American Economic Review，64 (2)，384-91。  new window
22.Coase, Ronald H.(1977)。Advertising and Free Speech。Journal of Legal Studies，6(1)，1-34。  new window
23.Costello, S. P.(1997)。“Strange Brew: The State of Commercial Speech Jurisprudence Before and After 44 Liquormart Inc. v. Rhode Island.”。Case Western Law Review，47，681-749。  new window
24.Farber, Daniel A.(1979)。“Commercial Speech and First Amendment Theory.”。Northwestern University Law Review，74，372-408。  new window
25.Hovland, R., and G. B. Wilcox.(1990)。“The Future of Alcoholic Beverage Advertising.”。Communications and the Law，9 (2)，5-14。  new window
26.Kozinski, Alex, and Stuart Banner.(1990)。“Who’s Afraid of Commercial Speech?”。Virginia Law Review，76，627-53。  new window
27.Magarian, Gregory P.(2005)。Substantive Due Process as a Source of Constitutional Protection for Nonpolitical Speech。Minnesota Law Review，90(2)，247-316。  new window
28.McGowan, David F.(1990)。“A Critical Analysis of Commercial Speech.”。California Law Review，78 (2)，359-448。  new window
29.Munro, Colin R.(2003)。“The Value of Commercial Speech.”。Cambridge Law Journal，62 (1)，134-58。  new window
30.Nutt, Mary B.(1988)。“Trends in First Amendment Protection of Commercial Speech.”。Vanderbilt Law Review，41，173-206。  new window
31.Redish, Martin H.(2007)。Commercial Speech, First Amendment Intuitionism and the Twilight Zone of Viewpoint Discrimination。Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review，41，67-132。  new window
32.Shiffrin, Seana.(2007)。“Compelled Association, Morality and Market Dynamics.”。Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review，41，317-28。  new window
學位論文
1.林承宇(2003)。菸品廣告規範之研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.謝國廉(1999)。美國商業廣告與言論自由權之研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.孫立行(2000)。商業性言論--從保障言論自由觀點出發(碩士論文)。東吳大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.陳澤榮(2004)。國家對商業性言論的管制界限--以強制菸品警示說明與禁止廣告為中心(碩士論文)。國立成功大學。  延伸查詢new window
5.游信達(2007)。醫藥廣告的審查與父權主義思想之研究(碩士論文)。世新大學。  延伸查詢new window
6.陳秋月(1992)。〈論廣告管制之界限─以商業言論自由為中心〉，台北。  延伸查詢new window
7.謝文正(2004)。〈論香菸廣告規範與商業言論自由〉，台北。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Sunstein, Cass R.(1995)。Democracy and the problem of free speech。New York：Free Press。  new window
2.Nowak, John E.、Rotunda, Ronald D.(2000)。Constitutional Law。St. Paul, MN：West。  new window
3.李瞻(1992)。傳播法--判例與說明。台北：黎明文化事業股份有公司。  延伸查詢new window
4.Shiffrin, Steven H.(1999)。Dissent, Injustice, and the Meanings of America。Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press。  new window
5.Stone, Geoffrey R., Louis M. Seidman, Cass R. Sunstein, Mark V. Tushnet、Pamela S. Karlan(2003)。The First Amendment。New York, NY：Foundation Press。  new window
6.貝克、馮建三(2008)。傳媒、市場與民主。臺北：巨流。  延伸查詢new window
7.Scott, J.(2006)。Documentary Research。London：Sage Publications Ltd.。  new window
8.Smith, Mary John(1988)。Contemporary communication research methods。Belmont, CA：Wadsworth Publishing Company。  new window
9.林子儀(19990000)。言論自由與新聞自由。臺北：元照。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.Sullivan, Kathleen M., and Gerald Gunther.(2003)。First Amendment Law。New York, NY。  new window
11.Van Alstyne, William W.(2002)。The American First Amendment in the Twenty-First Century: Cases and Materials。New York, NY。  new window
12.Vestal, David D.(1990)。“The Tobacco Advertising Debate: A First Amendment Perspective.”。Advertising and Commercial Speech。Westport, CT。  new window
13.Wilcox, Gary B.(1990)。“Implications of First Amendment Doctrineon Prohibition of Truthful Price Advertising Concerning Alcoholic Beverages.”。Advertising and Commercial Speech。Westport, CT。  new window
14.Zelezny, John D.(1993)。Communication Law: Liberties, Restraint, and the Modern Media。Belmont, CA。  new window
15.Pember, Don R.、張金璽、趙剛、展江(2005)。大眾傳媒法。北京：中國人民大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
16.傅崑成、鍾雲蘭、康復明、戴晨志、吳俊德、唐凱莉編譯；H. L. Zuckman, M. J. Gaynes, T. B. Carterand J. L. Dee(1991)。美國大眾傳播法：民主傳播與憲法( Mass Communications Law in a Nutshell)。台北。  延伸查詢new window
17.Brody, Steven G., and Bruce E. H. Johnson.(2004)。Advertising and Commercial Speech: A First Amendment Guide。New York, NY。  new window
18.Dry, Murray.(2004)。Civil Peace and the Quest for Truth: The First Amendment Freedoms in Political Philosophy and American Constitutionalism。Lanham, MD。  new window
19.Kaplar, Richard T.(1991)。Advertising Rights, the Neglected Freedom-Toward a New Doctrine of Commercial Speech。Washington, DC：The Media Institute。  new window
20.Mill, John Stuart.(2008)。On Liberty。La Vergne, TN。  new window
21.McWhirter, Darien A.(1994)。Freedom of Speech,Press, and Assembly。Phoenix, AZ：Oryx Press。  new window
22.Rotunda, Ronald D., John E. Nowak, and J. Nielsen Young.(1986)。Treatise on Constitutional Law: Substance and Procedure, vol.3。Paul, MN。  new window
23.Scharlott, Bradford W.(1990)。“The First Amendment Protection of Advertising in the Mass Media.”。Advertising and Commercial Speech。Westport, CT。  new window
24.Shiffrin, Steven H., and Jesse H. Choper.(2006)。The First Amendment: Cases-Comments-Questions。St. Paul, MN。  new window
 
 
 
 
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