歷來學者論及朱門弟子，往往帶著墨守師說的刻板印象，實則朱門弟子之思想，未必盡合於朱子思維。在本文中，從「未發、已發」問題、「精一、人心、道心」問題、「觀過知仁」問題上，考察朱子和季通說法的差異處。至於仲默之說，雖大抵契於朱子之意見，但又更強調「數」的概念，形成一種特別的象數理學。

The focus of this article is about the different thoughts of Zhu Xi and his students. The different thoughts between Zhu Xi and Tsai Yuan-Ding are three debates. Fierce debates were happened on the “Before Pleasure, Anger, Sorrow and Joy”, “the Mind of Dao and the Mind of Man”, “Kuan-Kuo su chin-jen i” (觀過，知仁矣). The thoughts of Tsai Chen is focus on Symbolic-mathematics.