If we define the features of second language acquisition based on the relationship between language and learners, there is no doubt that immigrants’ learning of Mandarin can be seen as one kind of second language acquisition process. However, few studies in the field of teaching Chinese as a second/foreign language (CSL/CFL) center on immigrants’ language acquisition. This study focused on the acquisition process of critical literacy by using Mandarin textbooks. The participants involved in this study were female immigrants from Southeast Asia countries. The research context was the Lai-Qu CSL/CFL program in Meinung of Kaohsiung County, Taiwan. The researcher was the coordinator of this program which consists of beginning, intermediate, and advanced classes. Nine female immigrants were invited to participate in this study from October, 2008 to February, 2009. Their average age was around 26. Data collection was mainly from students’ classroom artifacts during literacy activities, classroom observation, and fieldnote. In terms of data analysis, this study first calculated the numbers and types of Chinese vocabulary. The researcher then defined, categorized, and analyzed the phenomena emerging from vocabulary selection and critical literacy activities based on the results of statistics and observation. The researcher finally made the following three conclusions: 1.The performance of immigrants’ acquisition during literacy activities for Chinese vocabulary was a reflection of selection process. 2.Learning need was the major criterion for immigrants to select Chinese vocabularies during literacy activities. 3.The selection on Chinese vocabulary represented the immigrants’ abilities of critical literacy.