本研究旨在探討不同體位幼兒的身體活動量與體適能表現之情形。主要研究目的為下列幾項：一、比較不同體位幼兒的體適能之差異。二、比較不同體位幼兒的身體活動量之差異。三、分析幼兒體適能與身體活動量之相關。本研究針對10所屏東縣公立幼稚園，506位滿5足歲幼兒為研究對象。以「檢測體位與體適能項目測驗」與「檢測身體活動量（電子計步器）」為研究工具，進行各項測驗。所得的資料運用獨立樣本單因子變異數分析、薛費氏法進行事後比較，及皮爾森積差相關等統計方法分析。研究結果發現：一、平衡性、敏捷性、肌耐力及速度等項目，正常體位幼兒表現優於肥胖體位幼兒。另外，柔軟性、爆發力及協調性等項目，正常體位幼兒表現優於過輕體位幼兒。二、身體活動量方面，體位正常幼兒身體活動量較高，其次是過重與肥胖幼兒，最後是過輕幼兒。三、身體活動量較大的幼兒，平衡性、爆發力、肌耐力、協調性、敏捷性及速度等表現較優，而身體活動量與柔軟度之間則未達顯著相關。本研究獲得以下結論：過重、肥胖及過輕幼兒在各項體適能表現上較弱，身體活動量也較少。另外，身體活動量影響體適能的表現。

The main purpose of this research is to make a summary of relative worldwide literatures and theories, then to understand the current condition of different body weight groups’ physical activity level and the physical fitness, as well as to analyze the variable in them. The purpose of study is stated as follows: 1) To compare the differences in physical activity level of different body weight groups among children; 2) To compare the differences in physical fitness of different body weight groups among children; 3) To investigate the related information on physical activity level and physical fitness of children. To achieve the above objectives, this research has chosen 506 children who are five years old among 10 registered public kindergartens in Pingtung County as research targets. This research is conducted mainly through quantitative methods, by which we have examined seven physical fitness performed by children, and the physical activity level (wore pedometers). The data gathered from the survey is analyzed by the independent one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Pearson's product-moment correlation. The main findings are as follows: 1) In the level of balance, agility, muscular endurance and speed, normal weight children perform better than obesity children. Furthermore, in the level of explosive strength and coordination, normal weight children perform better than underweight children. 2) Normal weight children have the highest level of physical activities, followed by overweight and obesity children, and underweight children is within the lowest level. 3) For individuals that involve in more physical activities, whose balance, 70 explosive strength, muscular endurance, coordination, agility and speed, are more outstanding. However, no significant differences in flexibility were found. In conclusion, the children who are overweight, obesity and underweight show inferior performance in physical fitness and lack for physical activities. Furthermore, physical activity profoundly affects physical fitness performance of children.