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題名:台日家長身體活動信念、幼兒生活型態與健康狀況之研究
作者:張鳳菊
作者(外文):CHANG,FENG-CHU
校院名稱:國立體育大學
系所名稱:體育研究所
指導教授:周宏室
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2017
主題關鍵詞:身體質量指數肥胖家庭教育運動遊戲body mass indexobesityhome educationexercise and game
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本研究目的為瞭解台灣與日本家長身體活動信念、幼兒生活型態與健康狀況之現況,以及比較台灣與日本家長身體活動信念、幼兒生活型態與健康狀況之差異,並分析家長身體活動信念、幼兒身體活動型態與健康狀況之關係。研究對象為台灣與日本的幼兒園幼兒之家長,分別針對台灣與日本幼兒園進行系統隨機抽樣與立意取樣。以自編家長身體活動量表與前橋明編製之幼兒生活問卷作為研究工具。台灣回收成對有效樣本共計3540份;日本回收成對有效樣本2910份。經問卷預試後,實施正式問卷調查,資料回收後以卡方檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子多變項變藝術分析、皮爾森績差相關等進行統計分析。結果分析發現:1.台灣家長身體活動信念顯著高於日本家長;2.台灣幼兒呈現「少吃早餐,多零食宵夜」的現象,飲食型態較日本差;3.台灣幼兒睡眠型態比日本差,屬於「晚睡、晚起、睡眠不足」的型態;4.台灣幼兒放學後回家的遊戲時數及戶外遊戲時數比日本多,且台日幼兒都以在家中或公園運動遊戲最多;5.台灣幼兒電視觀賞時數雖比日本少,但台日幼兒電視觀賞時數皆超過建議標準2小時;6.台灣幼兒早上有排便的比例少,且排便時間比日本幼兒較晚;7.台灣幼兒過重與肥胖比例較日本多;8.家長身體活動信念與幼兒身體活動型態有關係,台日家長身體活動信念越高,父母陪孩子玩的時數越多,且日本家長身體活動信念越高,則幼兒電視觀賞時數越少。台灣家長身體活動信念較日本高,但台灣幼兒生活型態較日本差,且過重與肥胖比例較日本多。建議我國政府與幼兒教育相關單位應加強家長的身體活動信念與健康生活概念,建立幼兒良好的飲食習慣、控制幼兒正確的睡眠作息、增加幼兒從事身體活動及運動遊戲的時間,以促進幼兒身心健康。
The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare current parents’ physical activity beliefs, young children lifestyle and health status in Taiwan and Japan, as well as to analyze the correlations between parents’ physical activity beliefs, young children’s physical activity styles, and children’s health status. The research participants were the parents of Taiwanese and Japanese preschool children. Systematic random sampling and purposive sampling were respectively conducted to seek participants in Taiwanese and Japanese preschools. The research tools in this study were the self-compiled “Parents’ Physical Activity Beliefs Scale” and “Children’s Lifestyle Questionnaire” created by Dr. Akira Maehashi, from Waseda University in Japan. After the questionnaire’s pretesting, formal surveys were conducted, and a total of 3540 valid paired samples were collected from Taiwan and 2910 valid paired samples were collected from Japan. The collected data then underwent statistical analysis; researchers applied Chi-square test, independent-sample t-test, one-way multivariate analysis of variance, and Pearson product-moment correlation analysis. The results of the analysis are as follows: 1) Taiwanese parents scored significantly higher than Japanese parents in the questionnaire surveys in relation to their overall physical activity beliefs. 2) The trend of having “less breakfast, more snacks and more supper” among Taiwanese young children has resulted in Taiwanese children being less healthy than young Japanese children. 3) The sleep patterns of young Taiwanese children can be categorized as “staying up late, waking up late, and getting insufficient sleep,” which is less healthy than the sleep patterns of young Japanese children. 4) After school, Taiwanese children have more play time, both in the home and outdoors, compared to their Japanese counterparts; both Taiwanese and Japanese children spend the majority of their free time playing sports and games, both in the home and in a park. 5) Although young Taiwanese children were found to spend less time watching television than Japanese children, young children in both countries still generally spent more than two hours a day (the recommended daily allowance) watching television. 6) The percentage of Taiwanese children defecating in the morning was lower, and their defecation occurred later in the day, compared to Japanese children. 7) The percentage of overweight and obese young children was higher in Taiwan than in Japan. 8) Parents’ physical activity beliefs were found to correlate to young children’s physical activity styles in both countries. Another significant finding was that the more importance parents’ placed on physical activity, the more parent-child playtime occurred. In addition, the more importance Japanese parents placed on physical activity, the less time young children spent watching television. Although Taiwanese parents scored higher on the physical activity beliefs questionnaires than Japanese parents, Taiwanese children were found to have less healthy lifestyles than young Japanese children, and the percentage of overweight and obese young children was higher in Taiwan than in Japan. Thus, this study suggests that the Taiwanese government, as well as early childhood education departments, should reinforce parents’ physical activity beliefs and their concepts of healthy lifestyles in order to establish children’s healthy eating habits, appropriate sleeping schedules, and more time spent doing physical activities, sports, and games in order to improve physical and mental health.
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