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題名:財產犯罪被害者報案行為之研究
作者:邱淑蘋
校院名稱:中央警察大學
系所名稱:犯罪防治研究所
指導教授:許春金
陳玉書
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2005
主題關鍵詞:財產犯罪報案報警
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
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國內對於犯罪黑數有多少、或者犯罪黑數產生的原因,一直缺乏良好的研究。就追訴犯罪而言,國家司法權發動的源頭,主要來自被害者向警察機關報案。如果被害者不報案,將導致司法警察機關無從發動偵查,犯罪者自然不會受到法律的制裁。因此,無論就犯罪學研究、犯罪控制計畫或刑事政策的制定,研究報案行為皆深具學術與實務價值。
本研究以住宅竊盜、強盜搶奪、扒竊等財產被害者作為研究對象,運用2000年全國被害性經驗調查資料,選取犯罪被害者共553名,統計分析財產性被害者報案動機以及影響報案決定的因素,同時以質性訪談方式,探討二十四名被害者在報案決意歷程中,所涉及的感受、想法與社會互動情形。
就犯罪被害調查分析結果:影響財產性犯罪被害人是否報案的人口特質變項中,以性別與年齡等兩個因素,最有影響力;犯罪事件特性變項中,以犯罪類型、支票信用卡與金融卡被竊、損失財物價值等三個因素,最有影響力;社會環境變項中,以犯罪被害者居住地區的犯罪問題,最有影響力。報案的動機方面,財產性犯罪被害的報案與不報案動機,可能出於功利性動機,也可能出於正義性動機。總體而言,報案者特性以財物損失一萬以上、支票信用卡與金融卡沒有被竊、住宅竊盜被害、混合性動機者居多。不報案特性以財物損失一萬元以下、支票信用卡與金融卡沒有被竊、扒竊被害、功利性動機者居多。
就訪談結果來說:除了財物損失重大之外,絕大多數被害者報案的理由,無非是想備案,以杜絕證件被取走後可能衍生的潛在財物損失。除了實質或潛在財物損失之外,雖然犯罪被害也會引發強烈的負面情緒;然而,唯有住宅被竊造成最私密的居家環境被侵犯所引發的不安全感,才足以讓被害人報案。這種不安全感,主要來自被害人為女性或家中有年幼女性的性別差異。最後,對執法者的觀感、重要他人的意見,以及被害人出於何種動機,也會影響是否報案。
本研究同時根據實證研究發現,針對不同的犯罪被害型態,對於警察機關如何提升效益、降低報案成本的具體作法,提出諸項改善建議。
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