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題名:憂鬱症患者在婚姻中的性別權力運作過程
作者:巫珍宜
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商學系所
指導教授:郭麗安
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2006
主題關鍵詞:憂鬱症患者婚姻權力紮根理論過程分析
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究目的旨在探究憂鬱症患者婚姻中的性別權力運作過程及變化。研究者以配偶一方罹患憂鬱症的夫妻為研究參與者,採用夫妻共同訪談法,深度訪談八對夫妻,其中四對妻子罹患憂鬱症,另外四對丈夫罹患憂鬱症;然後就所收集的訪談資料以紮根理論為主要的分析方法,特別著重資料的脈絡及過程性的分析。
  研究結果主要發現如下,八對參與研究的夫妻各自呈現不同的婚姻權力運作關係,女性研究參與者為「妻爭夫廻」、「妻爭夫競」、「妻爭夫順」、及「妻爭夫讓」等四類型;男性研究參與者則是「夫強妻讓」、「夫導妻順至夫導妻爭」、「夫妻平權至夫導妻讓」、及「夫弱妻扶至夫強妻讓」等四類型。女性研究參與者的權力在結婚之後都低於丈夫,也都努力爭取丈夫對自己及家庭的關注,男性研究參與者婚後則維持或提升至強勢或主導的地位。有關八對參與夫妻的婚姻權力運作過程及變化如下:
1.女性及男性罹病的研究參與者在婚前的權力大部份高於其配偶。
2.結婚之後,女性研究參與者都難以維持婚前的優勢地位,婚前權力低的參與者婚後地位更為低落;男性研究參與者則都能維持、甚至提升婚前地位。
3.在婚姻生活中,女性研究參與者都努力爭取丈夫對自己及家庭的關注,男性研究參與者仍持續保有婚後的優勢地位;女性及男性研究參與者在罹病之前,夫妻權力差距大都得以拉近、或維持接近的位置。
4.在夫妻權力拉近、或維持接近位置的狀況下,女性及男性研究參與者在罹病之前,婚姻權力也都處於相互對峙或競爭、或家庭系統變動的狀態,且男性研究參與者大都同時面臨工作上的巨大壓力。
5.罹病之前夫妻權力拉近的女性研究參與者,罹病之後權力都反轉為比丈夫還高的位置,婚姻權力或家庭系統運作都趨於穩定狀態;罹病之前夫妻權力差距大的女性研究參與者,罹病之後的權力地位則更是低落,婚姻權力仍處於不穩定的狀態;男性研究參與者罹病之後的權力則都維持、提升、甚至反轉為較妻子更高的位置,婚姻權力或家庭系統運作也都趨於穩定狀態。
6.女性及男性罹病的研究參與者與其配偶對罹患憂鬱症的原因,大都有不同的歸因;女性研究參與者皆歸因於夫妻及家人相處的問題,男性研究參與者則大都歸因於工作因素,配偶則大都歸因於罹病的研究參與者個人性格問題。雖然如此,女性及男性研究參與者罹病之後大都獲得配偶的關照,有疾病歸因主導權,女性研究參與者關切的婚姻及家庭問題多數得以緩解,男性研究參與者則仍得面對工作上的壓力。
  本文最後就未來研究方向,及諮商專業實務工作提出具體建議。
The purpose of this research was to inquire the process and transformation of the gender power function in the marriage of the depression patients invited eight couples whose partner committed the depression, as the research participators, including one group of four wives and the other group of four husbands. Then all of the texts gathered from the deep interviews were analyzed mainly by the method of the ground theory, especially focusing on the context of the information and the process analysis.
As to the results of this research, the main findings are described as follows:
The participators of the eight couples show a variety of aspects in their marriage power function relationship. Four types are shown in the female participators, such as “the wife’s fighting vs. the husband’s avoiding”, “the wife’s fighting vs. the husband’s competing”, “the wife’s fighting vs. the husband’s accepting”, “the wife’s fighting vs. the husband’s yielding”. Four types are shown in the male participators, such as “the husband’s dominating vs. the wife’s yielding”, “from the husband’s directing vs. the wife’s obeying to the husband’s directing vs. the wife’s fighting”, “from the equal relationship between the husband and wife to the husband’s directing vs. the wife’s yielding”, “from the husband’s weakening vs. the wife’s supporting to the husband’s dominating vs. the wife’s yielding.” Generally, the power of the female participators is lower than that of their husbands after their getting married. In contrast, the male participators can still maintain or enhance their dominant or leading position after their marriage.
Concerning about the processes and changes of the eight couples’ marriage power function, they are explained as the following six points:
1. The depression patient participators of two genders have higher positions of the power than their spouses before their getting married.
2. In marriage, the female participators hardly maintain their superior positions before their getting married. In contrast, the male participators to get superior positions so that they can maintain, even enhance their power position after their marriage.
3. The female participators have to strive for their own status, whereas the male participators can still maintain their status after their marriage. Before their committing the depression, the patient participators of two genders almost can keep the equal or closely near positions in their powers between the couples.
4. The patient participators of two genders, before their committing the depression, all stayed in unstable conditions in the function of their marriage power or family system. Moreover, the male participators confronted the pressure in their jobs.
5. Before their committing the depression, the female participators, who had closer positions with their spouses in the marriage power, can get higher positions than their husbands after their committing the depression. All of the male participators will maintain or get the higher power positions after their committing the depression. Besides, the function of their marriage power and family system tend to be in stable conditions.
6. The patient participators and their spouses give the different reasons for committing the depression. For example, the female participators believe that the reasons are the problems between the couple and the family relationships; whereas the male participators all attribute to the work factor, but their spouses attribute to the patient participators’ personality factor. However, both of the female and male participators can get their spouses’ good care after they commit the depression, and also get the power to explain their illness. The marriage and family problems which the female participators concern about a lot can be released, but the male participators still have to confront the pressure in their jobs.
In the end, some suggestions and conclusions about the research directions in the future and the counseling practice fields were proposed .
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