The traditional merchant guild was called "jiau"(郊) in Taiwan during Ch'ing Dynasty. In terms of etymology, the word "jiau" may have a deep root in "ji'au" (榷)in Han Dynasty and ji'au(較)in T'ung Dynasty, which all referred to governmental control business through guilds. Due to the prosperous trade with the long coasts of Chinese Mainland, the three major merchant guilds in Tainan dealing with ocean trade became the top leaders in connection with the wide webs of merchant guilds in dealing with various kinds of business. As major sponsors of local temples, merchant guilds actively joined local religious activities. Religious rituals and activities, in turn, strengthen the internal solidarity of guild. Moreover, religious worships defined the social status for official-scholars and guild merchants. According to the long-term tradition, official-scholars were qualified to worship the Confucius and guild merchants could worship immortals in local temples only. The empire state authorized a lot of governing power to merchant guilds, including taxation, education, semi-judicial functions in dealing with commercial conflicts, and even military defense and local security. Eventually, merchant guilds became important institutes to maintain political and economic stability in traditional Chinese society. As the empire state transferred into the modern sovereignty state, the merchant guild turned into modern business associations. Modern business associations have less authorized power and more specialized functions in comparison with traditional merchant guilds.