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題名：福科法律觀的簡介
書刊名：哲學論集
作者：洪鎌德
出版日期：2001
卷期：34
頁次：頁73-120+214-216
主題關鍵詞：考古學與系譜學的方法；法律；規訓；統治；權力毛細化；管制；法律化；標準化；現代性；Archeological and genealogical methods；Discourse；Discursive formation；Law and discipline；Government；Governance and governmentality；Juridification；Power knowledge；Capillary power；Normalization；Modernity
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　　　　　本文首述福科如何以考古學和系譜學的方法從事顛覆傳統對文化、歷史、哲學之詮釋。繼而指出他法律觀與權力觀的密切關聯。早期的刑法代表國王權力與威嚴維持的手段。但刑罰的演變卻由斬首、殺身，而變成囚禁，最後，甚至把異議人士送進精神病院，這說明了對人身的拘禁轉變到對人心的控制，這是由於過去君王絕對的與陰暗的權力，能夠致人於死地的緣故，而現代國家藉新的技術運用權力，使法律成為調節人生的生命、管制人的生命之統治機器。現代社會為知識與權力形塑的規訓社會。法律的萎縮與規訓的膨脹正是現代社會的特徵。其原因為法律無法應付日益複雜的社會結構之改變，以及權力之毛細化作用，滲入社會的各層各界，亦即法律符碼化(條規化)之表徵。與此相反規訓機制擴大，統治機關之膨脹加大，造成法律對真實權力只有化妝與掩蓋的作用。事實上，現代的權力機關其權力運作傾向於規範化、標準化，法律只成為統治、管制、監視的外表。在此情形下社會的發展有排除法律的跡象，這種主張雖與馬克思、思格斯未來共產主義社會法律的消亡頗為接近，卻與當代主流派思想家(韋伯、朴蘭查、德我金等)之看法相左。本文後段指出福科法律觀的瑕疵與其見解的侷限。最後兼述他的法律之影響，其中至少有助於管制社會學之拓展，值得吾人注目。
　　　　　This article deals with Foucault's idea of modern law and its relevance to contemporary western society. He reinterpreted traditional European history, culture and philosophy by his specific methods derived from intellectual archeology and Nietsche's genealogy. He pointed out the close relationship between legal discourse and political power that for him criminal law represented the symbol of the absolutist monarch. The establishment of the prison demonstrated the confinement of the body of the criminals law represented the symbol of the absolutist monarch. The establishment of the prison demonstrated the confinement of the body of the criminals or dissidents replaces the capital punishment evolved into the control and manipulation of the mind of the incarcerated. Thus legal punishment paved way for spiritual discipline. Modern Western society is a structurally complicated society which is characterized by the linkage of knowledge to power. The decline of the law in such a society is evident as power is wide spread and diffused. He claimed that the disciplines supplant and even replace law as a primary mode of government. He counterposed law to regulations and initiated a new concept of "governmentality"-the emergence of new a distinctive mentalities of government. Foucault's inadequate distinction of sovereignty and rights between monarchical and liberal states led him to criticize modern constitutionalism. This also made him to equate law to absolutism as well as to narrow down law as criminal law. These theoretical deficiencies are discussed in the later part of this treatise. However, his conception of law and its relevance to modern politics and society is a conspicuous contribution to the further exploration of a sociology of law as governance.
期刊論文
1.Foucault, Michel、Braidotti, R.(1979)。Governmentality。Ideology and Consciousness，6(1)，5-28。  new window
2.Rose, Nikolas、Miller, Peter(1992)。Political Power beyond the State: Problematics of Government。The British Journal of Sociology，43(2)，173-205。  new window
3.洪鎌德(20010200)。法律、道德、民主和法治國家的發展--哈伯瑪斯法律觀的析評。哲學與文化，28(2)=321，97-114+189。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.洪鎌德(20001000)。韋伯的法律社會哲學。哲學與文化，27(10)=317，905-930+997。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.洪鎌德(2001)。涂爾幹法律社會學的簡介。法令月刊，51(11)，1-29。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Miller, Peter、Rose, Niklas(1990)。Governing Economic Life。Economy and Society，19(1)，1-31。  new window
7.洪鎌德(2000)。法律社會學之探討。全國律師，49-61。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.Habermas, Jürgen、Lawrence, Frederick(1987)。The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures(-)，Cambridge, Mass。  new window
圖書
1.Smart, Barry(1985)。Michel Foucault。Michel Foucault。London。  new window
2.Weber, Max、Shils, Edward(1954)。Max Weber on Law in Economy and Society。Cambridge：Harvard University Press。  new window
3.Hunt, Alan、Wickham, Gary(1994)。Foucault and Law: Towards a Sociology of Law and Governance。London/Boulder。  new window
4.Smart, Barry(1983)。Foucault, Marxism and Critique。London。  new window
5.Luhmann, Niklas、King-Utz, Elizabeth、Albrow, Martin(1985)。A Sociological Theory of Law。Routledge and Kegan Paul。  new window
6.Foucault, Michel、Howard, Richard(1965)。Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason。New York：Pantheon Books。  new window
7.Poulantzas, Nicos(1978)。State, Power, Socialism。London：New Left Books。  new window
8.Foucault, Michel(1980)。Power and Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-1977。New York：Pantheon。  new window
9.Foucault, Michel、Hurley, Robert(1985)。The History of Sexuality。New York：Random House, Inc：Pantheon Books。  new window
10.Foucault, Michel、Defert, Daniel、Ewald, François、Lagrange, Jacques(1994)。Dits et écrits。Paris：Gallimard。  new window
11.Foucault, M.、Smith, A. M.(1973)。The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception。London：Tavistock。  new window
12.Burchell, Graham、Gordon, Colin、Miller, Peter(1991)。The Foucault effect: Studies in governmentality with two lectures by and an interview with Michel Foucault。Chicago：Harvester and Wheatsheaf：University of Chicago Press。  new window
13.Foucault, Michel、Sheridan, Alan(1977)。Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison。New York：Pantheon Books。  new window
14.Foucault, M.、Goldstein, R. J.、Cascaito, J.(1991)。Remarks on Marx: Conversations with Duccio Trombadori。New York：Semiotext(e)。  new window
15.Foucault, Michel、Hochroth, Lysa、Johnston, John(1996)。Foucault Live (Interviews, 1961-1984)。New York：Semiotext(e)。  new window
16.Foucault, Michel、Hurley, Robert(1978)。The History of Sexuality: An Introduction。New York：Random House Press。  new window
17.Foucault, Michel(1970)。The Order of Things: An archaeology of the Human Science。London：New York：Random House。  new window
18.Cotterrell, Roger、結構群編輯群(1991)。法律社會學導論。結構群文化事業有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
19.Dworkin, Ronald(1986)。Law's Empire。Cambridge, Mass.：Harvard University Press。  new window
20.洪鎌德(19990000)。當代政治經濟學。臺北：揚智文化。new window  延伸查詢new window
21.洪鎌德(20000000)。人的解放：21世紀馬克思學說新探。臺北：揚智。new window  延伸查詢new window
22.洪鐮德(1998)。21世紀社會學。台北：揚智。  延伸查詢new window
23.Foucault, Michel、Rabinow, Paul(1984)。The Foucault Reader。New York：Pantheon Books。  new window
24.Foucault, Michel、Bouchard, Donald F.、Simon, Sherry(1977)。"What is an Author?", Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews。Cornell：Cornell University Press。  new window
25.Foucault, Michel(1985)。The History of Sexuality (Vol. 3)。The History of Sexuality (Vol. 3)。New York。  new window
26.Foucault, Michel(2000)。The Essential Works of Foucault。The Essential Works of Foucault。New York。  new window
27.Gurvitch, Georges(1947)。Sociology of Law。Sociology of Law。London。  new window
28.Hayek, Friedrich(1982)。Law, Legislation and Liberty。Law, Legislation and Liberty。London。  new window
29.Macey, David(1993)。The Lives of Michel Foucault。The Lives of Michel Foucault。London。  new window
30.McHual, Alec、Grace, Wendy(1995)。A Foucault Primer: Discourse, Power, and the Subject。A Foucault Primer: Discourse, Power, and the Subject。London。  new window
31.Foucault, Michel(1972)。The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse of Language。The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse of Language。London。  new window
32.Smart, Barry(2000)。Michel Foucault。Companion to Major Social Theorists。Oxford。  new window
33.洪鎌德(1987)。新馬克思主義和現代社會科學。新馬克思主義和現代社會科學。臺北。new window  延伸查詢new window
34.Foucault, Michel(1967)。Nietzsche, Freud, Marx。Nietzsche, Freud, Marx。Paris。  new window
圖書論文
1.Hunt, Alan(1997)。Law, Politics and the Social Sciences。Sociology After Postmodernism。London：SAGE Publications。  new window
2.Foucault, Michel(1988)。The Dangerous Individual。Foucault Interviews and Other Writings。Routledge。  new window
 
 
 
 
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