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題名：國際援助與臺灣的社會發展--民間非政府組織角色扮演之歷史分析
書刊名：社會政策與社會工作學刊
作者：官有垣 引用關係
作者(外文)：Kuan, Yu-yuan
出版日期：2002
卷期：6:2
頁次：頁131-173
主題關鍵詞：國際援助與發展；民間援外；非政府組織；基本的人類需求；International relief and development；Private foreign aid；Non-governmental organization；NGOs；Basic human need
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(3)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:223
  • 點閱點閱:175
台灣曾經是被西方國家援助的對象，然而今日已成為提供國際援助與發展技術的國家，這段發展的歷史脈絡與台灣的政治、經濟與社會因素的演變息息相關。自50年代初期至60年代中期，美國政府基於國防、經濟等因素曾提供台灣相當數額的軍事與經濟援助。然而，在同一時間，台灣也接受來自美國及其他已開發國家慈善及社會發展性質非政府組織(NGOs)的金錢、物資與發展技術移轉等的援助。本文首先論述NGOs在國際救援與發展角色的理論觀點，以解釋為何國際NGOs能在開發中國家扮演人道救援與發展的角色，及其組織在此領域中具備的優勢與劣勢。接著從歷史的角度分析從事國際救援與發展工作的NGOs為何會在50至70年代選擇台灣為其提供救援服務的受援國之一，而為何國際救援NGOs又在70年代中期開始紛紛從台灣撤離。接著論述，在國際NGOs離開台灣後所留下來的慈善、社會福利及其他發展事項的空間被本土興起的NGOs所填補，此中的政治經濟與社會結構改變的影響因素。最後本文分析台灣本土NGOs在90年代初期開始，對有需求的國家與地區開展國際救援工作，同時以一實證研究結果說明台灣本土NGOs從事援外工作所呈現的特質，並指出台灣政府在援外政策與舉措上與民間NGOs的互動關係。
Within the past five decades, Taiwan has undergone a transition from being a recipient of western aid to becoming a contributor to international aid and development technology. This transformation of roles is the result of closely linked factors involving a historical chain of events in Taiwan's political landscape, and an evolution in the domestic economy and society. In addition to the direct aid provided by the U.S. government, it is worth noting that during this time, aid and assistance from charitable non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the United States and other developed nations also presented a substantial contribution. In the first section, this article reviews the theoretical perspectives with regard to the roles played by NGOs in international relief and development. Then, based on the theories reviewed, the author applies the historical approach to explain why many international NGOs would provide relief and development services to Taiwan during the period from 1950s to the mid-1970s, and why those NGOs one by one terminated their projects and withdrew from Taiwan since the mid- 1970s. Next, the author portrays the scenario after the mid-1970s that shows Taiwanese indigenous NGOs have increasingly developed themselves to have the capacity to take over the space of charity, social welfare and community development left by those international NGOs. Finally, the analysis is focused on the reality that more and more NGOs in Taiwan turn their attention and concerns to the issue about international relief and development and generously provide foreign aid services to the needed countries since the very early of the 1990s. Some of the preliminary findings from an empirical study are presented, showing the distinctive features of Taiwanese NGOs whose primary or partial tasks are related to international relief and development.
期刊論文
1.官有垣(20001200)。非營利組織在臺灣的發展：兼論政府對財團法人基金會的法令規範。中國行政評論，10(1)，75-110。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.官有垣、邱瑜瑾(20030300)。臺灣民間組織與政府在國際援助事務的角色探析：現況調查及其政策意涵。中國行政評論，12(2)，55-90。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.官有垣(19960500)。臺灣民間社會福利機構與政府的競爭關係：以臺灣基督教兒童福利基金會為例，1977-1985。空大行政學報，5，125-175。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.Barrett, Richard E.、Whyte, Martin King(1982)。Dependency Theory and Taiwan: Analysis of a Deviant Case。American Journal of Sociology，87(5)，1064-1089。  new window
5.Alger, C. F.(1984)。Bridging the Micro and the Macro in International Relations Research。Alternatives，10(3)，319-344。  new window
6.Ringland, A. C.(1954)。The Organization of Voluntary Foreign Aid, 1939-1953。Department of State Bulletin，30，383-393。  new window
會議論文
1.顧忠華(1999)。非營利組織的公共性與自主性。跨世紀的臺灣社會與社會學學術研討會，臺灣社會學社 。臺北：東吳大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.蕭新煌(1998)。臺灣非營利部門：現況、新趨勢、未來發展。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
3.官有垣(2002)。非政府組織與人道援助：我國民間從事國際援助的非政府組織現況分析。高雄。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.官有垣(2000)。我國民間從事國際救援與社會發展的非政府組織研究：現況調查及其政策意涵。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.林萬億(1990)。Social Welfare Development in Taiwan: An Integrated Theoretical Explanation，Berkeley。  new window
2.Kuan, Yu-Yuan(1994)。From Harmony to Rivalry: The Changing Relationships Between Taiwan Christian Children's Fund and the Government of the Republic of China on Taiwan, 1964-1992(博士論文)。The Graduate School of the University of Missouri-St. Louis。  new window
圖書
1.蕭新煌(1999)。勾繪臺灣300大基金會的特色。臺灣300家主要基金會名錄。臺北：財團法人喜瑪拉雅研究發展基金會。  延伸查詢new window
2.林德昌(1999)。海峽兩岸援外政策之比較研究。臺北市：成文出版社。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Cuny, F. C.(1983)。Disasters and Development。New York, NY：Oxford University Press, Inc.。  new window
4.Sutter, R. G.(1988)。Taiwan: Entering the 21st Century。Lanham：University Press of America。  new window
5.喜瑪拉雅研究發展基金會(1997)。基金會在臺灣。臺北：喜瑪拉雅文教基金會。  延伸查詢new window
6.Smith, Brian H.(1990)。More Than Altruism: The Politics of Private Foreign Aid。Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press。  new window
7.蕭新煌(1999)。臺灣的地方環保抗爭運動：一九八０至一九九六。香港：香港海峽兩岸關係研究中心。  延伸查詢new window
8.陳惠馨、行政院研究發展考核委員會(1995)。財團法人監督問題之探討。臺北：行政院研究發展考核委員會。  延伸查詢new window
9.Jacoby, Neil H.(1966)。U.S Aid to Taiwan: A Study of Foreign Aid, Self-Help and Development。Frederick A. Preager Publishers。  new window
10.Weisbrod, B. A.(1977)。The voluntary nonprofit sector: An economic analysis。Lexington, Mass：D C Heath & Co.。  new window
11.Kuo, Shirley Wan-Yong(1983)。The Taiwan Economy in Transition。Westview Press。  new window
12.官有垣(2000)。非營利組織與社會福利：臺灣本土的個案分析。臺北：亞太圖書出版社。  延伸查詢new window
13.Weisbrod, B. A.(1988)。The Nonprofit Economy。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
14.Copper, John F.(1990)。Taiwan: Nation-State or Province?。Westview Press。  new window
15.Haas, Ernst Bernard(1964)。Beyond the Nation-State: Functionalism and International Organization。Stanford University Press。  new window
16.Li, Kuo-Ting(1988)。The Evolution of Policy Behind Taiwan's Development Success。New Haven, CT：Yale University Press。  new window
17.Gold, Thomas Barton(1986)。State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle。Armonk：M. E. Sharpe。  new window
18.王世榕(1997)。第三部門：美國亞洲協會與臺灣。財團法人亞太綜合研究院。  延伸查詢new window
19.蕭新煌(1999)。臺灣的民間基金會：組織與趨勢。研究專論。香港兩岸關係研究中心。  延伸查詢new window
20.蕭新煌(1999)。臺灣的民間福利組織：資源的網路與動員。研究專論。香港兩岸關係研究中心。  延伸查詢new window
21.Long, S.(1991)。Taiwan: China's Last Frontier。Taiwan: China's Last Frontier。New York, NY。  new window
22.Sommer, J. G.(1977)。Beyond Charity: U. S. Voluntary Aid for a Changing Third World。Beyond Charity: U. S. Voluntary Aid for a Changing Third World。Washington, DC。  new window
23.Smith, B. H.(1998)。Nonprofit Organizations in International Development: Agents of Empowerment or Preservers of Stability?。Private Action and the Public Good。New Haven。  new window
24.Shieh, Milton J. T.(1970)。The Kuomintang: Selected Historical Documents。The Kuomintang: Selected Historical Documents。New York, NY。  new window
25.Ranis, G.(1977)。Growth and Distribution: Trade-offs or Complements。Economic Development, Poverty, and Economic Distribution。Boulder, CO。  new window
26.Mansbach, Richard W.、Vasquez, John A.(1981)。In Search of Theory: A New Paradigm for Global Politics。New York, NY：Columbia University Press。  new window
27.Lissner, J.(1977)。The Politics of Altruism: A Study of the Political Behaviors of Voluntary Development Agencies。The Politics of Altruism: A Study of the Political Behaviors of Voluntary Development Agencies。Geneva, Switzerland。  new window
28.Griffin, Keith(1976)。Land Concentration and Rural Poverty。New York, NY：Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc.。  new window
29.Gorman, R. F.(1984)。Private Voluntary Organizations as Agents of Development。Private Voluntary Organizations as Agents of Development。London, UK。  new window
30.Galtung, J.(1975)。Nonterritorial Actors and the Problem of Peace。On the Creation of A Just World Order: Preferred Worlds for the 1980s。New York, NY。  new window
31.Chan, G. Hou-Sheng(1985)。Taiwan。Social Welfare in Asia。London, UK。  new window
32.Council for Economic Planning and Development, R. O. C.(1970)。Statistical Year Book of the ROC。Statistical Year Book of the ROC。Taipei。  new window
33.Chakerian, C. G.(1975)。CCF in Taiwan: A Record of Past Service & a Look at New Directions。CCF in Taiwan: A Record of Past Service & a Look at New Directions。Richmond, VA。  new window
34.Bolling, L.(1982)。Private Foreign Aid: U. S. Philanthropy for Relief and Development。Private Foreign Aid: U. S. Philanthropy for Relief and Development。Boulder, CO。  new window
35.Boynes, W.(1978)。U. S. Nonprofit Organizations in Development Assistance Abroad。U. S. Nonprofit Organizations in Development Assistance Abroad。New York, NY。  new window
36.省政府社會處(1979)。社政年報。社政年報。南投縣南投市。  延伸查詢new window
37.佛教慈濟慈善事業基金會(1998)。大愛無遠弗屆：國際救援簡介。大愛無遠弗屆：國際救援簡介。花蓮。  延伸查詢new window
38.佛教慈濟慈善事業基金會(1999)。國際救援簡介。國際救援簡介。花蓮。  延伸查詢new window
39.臺灣世界展望會(2000)。1996-2000年度報告。1996-2000年度報告。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
40.臺灣基督教福利會(1972)。一九七二年年報。一九七二年年報。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
41.中華兒童福利基金會(1992)。CCF年報。CCF年報。臺中。  延伸查詢new window
42.中華兒童暨家庭扶助基金會(2000)。兒福千禧情家扶五十慶。兒福千禧情家扶五十慶。臺中。  延伸查詢new window
43.U. S. Congress(1973)。Mutual Development and Cooperation Act of 1973: Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Affairs。Mutual Development and Cooperation Act of 1973: Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Affairs。Washington, DC。  new window
44.Tise, L. E.(1992)。Odyssey of the Christian Children's Fund, 1938-1991: A History and Profile of CCF Around the World。Odyssey of the Christian Children's Fund, 1938-1991: A History and Profile of CCF Around the World。Richmond, VA。  new window
45.蕭新煌(1991)。The Changing State-Society Relation in the ROC: Economic Change, the Transformation of the Class Structure, and the Rise of Social Movements。Two Societies in Opposition: The Republic of China and the People's Republic of China after Forty Years。Stanford, CA。  new window
46.Curti, M.(1963)。American Philanthropy Abroad: A History。American Philanthropy Abroad: A History。New Brunswick, NJ。  new window
47.American Council for Voluntary International Action(1985)。Diversity in Development: U. S. Voluntary Assistance to Africa。Diversity in Development: U. S. Voluntary Assistance to Africa。Washington, DC。  new window
48.國際援助與社會發展研討會(1999)。會議手冊暨論文。會議手冊暨論文。花蓮。  延伸查詢new window
49.官有垣、邱瑜瑾(2003)。基金會在國際發展與援助的角色－兼論臺灣數個基金會從事援外事務的現況及意涵。社會變遷下的臺灣基金會發展。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.內政部(1987)。內政部統計月報，臺北：內政部統計處。  延伸查詢new window
2.內政部(2000)。中華民國88年內政統計年報，臺北。  延伸查詢new window
3.(1970)。Taiwan Statistical Data Book 1970，Taipei。  new window
4.(1992)。Taiwan Statistical Data Book 1992，Taipei。  new window
5.Asia Foundation(1971)。A Resume of the Asia Foundation's Program Expenditures in the R. O. C.，沒有紀錄。  new window
6.Asia Foundation(1992)。A Taiwan Prospectus for the Asia Foundation，沒有紀錄。  new window
7.黃爾璇(1999)。政府應扶助民間成立國際救援組織，以善盡國際義務，沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
8.李雲裳(1993)。訪談記錄，臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
9.田弘茂(2000)。拓展外交的新思維與新作法，沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
10.外交部(2000)。我國援外現況，沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
11.田弘茂(2000)。當前外交施政，沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Hansmann, H. B.(1987)。Economic theories of nonprofit organization。The nonprofit sector: A research handbook。New Haven, Connecticut：Yale University Press。  new window
2.蕭新煌(19900000)。臺灣新興社會運動的分析架構。臺灣新興社會運動。臺北：巨流。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Amsden, Alice H.(1985)。The State and Taiwan's Economic Development。Bringing the State Back In: Strategies of Analysis in Current。Cambridge University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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