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題名：專業自主？組織自利？--論少年安置機構契約委託的篩案問題
書刊名：臺大社會工作學刊
作者：劉淑瓊 引用關係／彭惠
作者(外文)：Liu, Joanne S. C.／Peng, Hui
出版日期：2007
卷期：14
頁次：頁61+63-121
主題關鍵詞：篩案；契約委託；少年安置；第三方契約；組織自利；Creaming；Contracting-out；Placement services for the disadvantaged youth；Third-party contracts；Organizational self-interest
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(8) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:139
  • 點閱點閱:435
公共服務民營化政策下最受關注者莫過於公平的近用性。批評者認為在契約委託制度下，受託者傾向挑選較容易服務的個案，設法規避那些較困難或是成本較高的個案。本文將以地方政府的公設民營少年安置機構為例，探討契約委託是否會造成某些特定的案主，尤其是問題多元、複雜、慢性而最需要服務者只能得到較差的服務或甚至被拒於應得服務之外，形成所謂的「社服人球」。透過深度訪談與檔案文件分析，本文獲得以下幾項結論：地方政府少年安置服務的委外，是一個比第三方契約理論所描述的更為複雜的四角關係，公部門內部不同科室之間的成見與隔閡，使得受託者自主空間更大，有效的契約管理更形困難，而個案的服務近用性也更得不到應有的保障。受託者藉由收容前會談蒐集具體豐富的個案資訊，透過專業與經驗優勢挑選個案；即使個案進住後受託者仍可因其權控式的管理使個案因無法適應而要求離開。受託者在機構經營的財務考量下，摸索出以「最高專業服務費下的最少個案數」為最適收容規模。本文認為少年安置機構的篩案現象是受託者依實務經驗與專業判斷，在委託者提供的人力配備、設施資源與承諾不足下的所展現的專業自主與組織自保因應行為。而地方政府主管機關在少年安置上的承諾與資源投入，也直接影響篩案發生的可能性與契約管理者對篩案行為所能採取的行動。最後本文提出個案分類分級，合理計算服務成本、務實補助照顧人力，保留公辦公營機構以資因應，建立中央轉介系統，以及建構有意義的績效評量制度等五項契約管理建議。
Fair and equal accessibility is an issue that attracts most attention in the privatization of social services. Often criticized under the contracting regime is the contractor's tendency to avoid those cases that are more difficult or cost more. This paper, using Placement Services for the Disadvantaged Youth (PSDY) as an example, explores whether the contracting process favors certain type of clients, resulting in those clients with multiple, complex, and chronic problems can only receive less quality services or worse even are refused of services, creating the so-called "social service passed-over". This paper's conclusion includes several points: the contracting process of PSDY is a quadripartite relationship that is more complex than the "third party contracts". Differences in professional decisions and poor collaboration between the departments within the Department of Social Welfare leads to insufficient definition of service, makes effective contract management difficult, provides minimum protection of client accessibility. Consequently, contractors, by using their information collected at the interview sessions as well as their professional expertise, were able to choose cases, i.e. "creaming". After allowing clients' inhabitation, contractors are still able to manipulate and create situations for clients to withdraw. With an objective to maximize profits, contractor's model for operation becomes "maximum professional fee with minimum caseload". The authors's opinion is that the performance evaluation or performance-based contracting may not be the reasons for contractor's case picking. Defining service requirements without considering specific needs of individual clients may be the cause for contractor's opportunist behavior. The resources made available and attention paid by the Placement Services of the local government have direct bearing on the clout the contract managers have in dealing with contractor's performance. This paper presents four recommendations: classifications of service requirements (cases); maintaining an in-house production of services within the government; reasonable cost accounting to ensure sufficient resources, establishing a central referral system, and designing a meaningful performance evaluation mechanism.
期刊論文
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3.Johnston, Jocelyn M.、Romzek, Barbara S.(1999)。Contracting and Accountability in State Medicaid Reform: Rhetoric, Theories, and Reality。Public Administration Review，59(5)，383-399。  new window
4.Martin, L. L.(2005)。Performance-Based Contracting for Human Services: Do It Work?。Administration in Social Work，29(1)，63-77。  new window
5.Romzek, B. S.、Johnston, J. M.(2005)。State social services contracting: Exploring the determinants of effective contract accountability。Public Administration Review，65(4)，436-448。  new window
6.Schwartz, R.(2005)。The Contracting Quandary: Managing Local Authority-VNPO Relations。Local Government Studies，31(1)，69-83。  new window
7.Lacireno-Paquet, N.、Holyoke, T. T.、Moser, M.、Henig, J. R.(2002)。Creaming versus cropping: Charter school enrollment practices in response to market incentives。Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis，24(2)，145-158。  new window
8.Freeman, Jody(2000)。The contracting state。Florida State University Law Review，28，155-214。  new window
9.蕭文高、黃源協(20041200)。老人機構照顧民營化：英國、瑞典和香港經驗之比較分析。社會政策與社會工作學刊，8(2)，83-124。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.Gates S.、Hill, J.(1995)。Democratic Accountability and Governmental Innovation in the Use of Nonprofit Organizations。Policy Studies Review，14(1/2)，137-148。  new window
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12.孫本初(20010900)。公部門課責問題之探究。人事月刊，33(3)=193，10-21。  延伸查詢new window
13.劉淑瓊(19971200)。依賴與對抗--論福利服務契約委託下政府與民間受託單位間的關係。社區發展季刊，80，113-129。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.Lipsky, Michael、Smith, Steven Rathgeb(1989)。Nonprofit Organizations, Government, and the Welfare State。Political Science Quarterly，104(4)，625-648。  new window
15.劉淑瓊(20050900)。績效、品質與消費者權益保障：論社會服務契約委託的責信課題。社會政策與社會工作學刊，9(2)，31-93。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.劉淑瓊(20011200)。社會服務「民營化」再探--迷思與現實。社會政策與社會工作學刊，5(2)，7-56。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.彭淑華、張英陣(20000300)。臺北市青少年服務整合之問題與因應--以政府部門為例。東吳社會工作學報，6，101-142。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.彭淑華(20061200)。保護為名，權控為實？--少年安置機構工作人員的觀點分析。東吳社會工作學報，15，1-36。new window  延伸查詢new window
19.彭淑華(20070600)。「寧缺毋濫」？「寧濫毋缺」？--兒童少年保護工作人員機構安置決策困境之研究。中華心理衛生學刊，20(2)，127-154。new window  延伸查詢new window
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25.Herbillon, J.(2004)。”Profiling” of Job Seekers in the Netherlands。Travail et Emploi，99，7-25。  new window
26.Higgins, P.、James, P.、Roper, I.(2005)。The Role of Competition in Best Value: How far does it differ from CCT?。Local Government Studies，31(2)，219-35。  new window
27.Hill, C.、Lynn, L.(2003)。Producing Human Services: Why do agencies collaborate?。Public Management Review，5，63-81。  new window
28.Kissam, S.(2004)。The Impact of Privatization on the Social Welfare State。The Michigan Journal of Public Affairs，1，1-18。  new window
29.Klingner, D. et al.(2001)。Politics, Administration and Markets。American Review of Public Administration，32，117-144。  new window
30.Lehmann, B. A.(2002)。Social Work Practitioners' Comparative Evaluations of Obese and Lean Clients。Dissertation Abstracts International，62(12)，4333-4544。  new window
31.Martin, L. L.(2002)。Performance-Based Contracting for Human Services: Lessons for public procurement?。Journal of Public Procurement，2(1)，55-71。  new window
32.Mead, L. M.(2001)。Welfare Reform in Wisconsin: The local role。Administration and Society，33(5)，523-54。  new window
33.Smyth, J. D.(1998)。Competition as a Means of Procuring Public Services: Lessons for the UK from the US Experience。Journal of Management in Medicine，12(4/5)，215-243。  new window
34.Struyven, L.、Steurs, G.(2005)。Design and Redesign of a Quasi-market for the Reintegration of Jobseekers: Empirical Evidence from Australia and the Netherlands。Journal of European Social Policy，15(3)，211-229。  new window
35.Tang, A.(1997)。The Changing Role of Government in Community services: Issues of access and equity to administrative review。Australian Journal of Public Administration，56(2)，95-105。  new window
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38.Yee, J. Y.(2005)。Access and Equity Issues for Ethno-Racial Minority Clientele: Racism in a social service agency。Dissertation Abstracts International，66(3)，1169-A。  new window
會議論文
1.Breadgaard, T. et al.(2005)。Contracting-out of Public Employment Services in Demark。  new window
2.van Berkel, R.、Aa, P. van der(2004)。From Welfare State to ‘Welfare City’? A Dutch case study。  new window
研究報告
1.Boyle, R.(2002)。Maintaining Voluntary Sector Autonomy While Promoting Public Accountability: Managing government funding of voluntary organizations。  new window
2.Brodkin, E. Z.(2002)。Contracting Welfare Reform: Uncertainties of capacity-building within disjointed Federalism。  new window
學位論文
1.彭惠(2006)。社會福利機構契約委託之契約管理研究─以台北市少年安置機構為例。國立台灣大學，台北。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.GAO(1997)。Social Service Privatization: Expansion Poses Challenges in Ensuring Accountability for Program Results。Washington, D. C.：General Accounting Office。  new window
2.Lavery, K.(1999)。Smart Contracting for Local Government Services: Processes and Experience。Praeger。  new window
3.丘昌泰(2000)。公共管理--理論與實際手冊。台北市：元照出版社。  延伸查詢new window
4.劉曉春、張宏哲等(1999)。社會工作直接服務。台北。  延伸查詢new window
5.Klijn, E.-H.、Teisman, G.(2000)。Governing Public-Private Partnerships: Analysing and Managing the processes and institutional characteristics of public-private Partnership。Public-Private Partnerships: Theories and practice in international perspective \\ Osborne, S. (ed.)。London。  new window
6.Sol, E.、Hoogtanders, Y.(2005)。The Road to Privatization: The Amsterdam Case。Contractualism in Employment Services: A New form of welfare state governance \\ Sol, Els ; Westerveld, Mies (ed.)。The Hague。  new window
其他
1.Bruttel, O.(2005)。Contracting-out and Governance Mechanisms in the Public Employment Service。  new window
2.Fischer, R. L.(2003)。The Devil is in the Details: Implementing Outcome Measurement in Faith-Based Organizations，Bethesda, MD。  new window
3.Gilbert, N.(2005)。The ‘Enabling State’? From Public to Private Responsibility for Social Protection: Pathways and Pitfalls, Employment, Labour and Social Affairs Committee, OECD。  new window
4.Gilbert, N.(2006)。Administering Purchase of Services between Public and Private Agencies: Issues in contract design。  new window
5.Karin Martinson, K.，Holcomb, P. A.(2002)。Reforming Welfare: Institutional Change and Challenges。  new window
 
 
 
 
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