權益保障的建構與實踐：安置少年與工作人員之觀點__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	權益保障的建構與實踐：安置少年與工作人員之觀點
作者：	莊文芳
作者(外文)：	Chuang, Wen-Fang
校院名稱：	東海大學
系所名稱：	社會工作學系
指導教授：	曾華源
學位類別：	博士
出版日期：	2012
主題關鍵詞：	安置機構；權益保障；參與；少年；residential institution；rights protection；participation；youth
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:67

本研究旨在探索少年安置機構中，「權益保障」的概念是如何被建構與實踐的，了解安置少年在機構生活中權益受保障的實況。以解答「安置少年和工作人員對權益概念或議題的看法為何？工作人員與少年如何去協商互動，來滿足案主的權益保障？以及不同照顧角色，如何影響案主的權益保障？」之研究提問。
本研究以詮釋主義(interpretivism)之研究取向，以半結構式的深度訪談，選擇兩家安置機構，訪談機構中的九名工作人員與七名安置少年/少女。研究結果發現：安置機構中對於少年的權益保障是有所侷限的，工作人員與少年對權益的認識也是模糊的。由於安置機構肩負保護少年安全的沉重責任，使得機構在權益保障上，以安全保護為至上，而容易排擠到少年自由參與的需求。故在權益保障的實踐上，工作人員著重滿足保護權益(protection rights)與供給權益(provision rights)的，而少年只能享有部分的參與權益(participation rights)。
權益保障的限縮反映出安置機構資源匱乏的困境，以及工作人員握有權力優勢的事實：少年進入安置系統中，經過全控機構(total institution)式的緊急短期安置機構洗禮，讓少年體會到權益受剝奪的無力感，使他們相對能滿意中長期安置機構所給予的權益保障；由於少年無從評斷何謂適當或不當管教，以至面臨權益受限制的情形，容易順應接受，而放棄爭取權益補償的主張。
安置機構資源的匱乏，導致工作人員無法充分地供給、滿足個案需求；匱乏的供給強化了工作人員的權威，以及少年對工作人員的依賴，迫使缺乏資源的少年順從工作人員的規範，表現出機構期望的良好表現，以獲得照顧的滿足。機構人員運用權力限制個案的權益，目的在於規範管教、抑制少年的偏差行為，以保障少年未來的利益；但缺乏清楚的權力規範，反可能影響少年應享有的權益、導致非預期的反效果。少年權衡立即性的利益與未來的利益滿足，選擇違反規範、擺爛的做法，反而較能立即滿足個案的需求，獲得立即性的利益。
本研究將機構在實踐對少年的權益保障上的偏好，整理為四型：穩定型、管控型、彈性協商型和自由型。其關鍵在於工作團隊是否能形成共識，以及其權威度的高低。機構的權威度，除了因工作人員的理念及機構的價值設定外，機構外力的影響亦是相關因素，包括主管機關、主責社工、少年的家長、學校等。當機構愈趨封閉，外在角色難以影響機構運作，則機構內愈容易產生對個案權益的限縮。主管機關的支持不足，以及對機構穩定不出事的期望，迫使安置機構只能在有限的條件下，勉強維持對少年權益的基本保障，並且安全保護至上、優先於其他的權益。因此在實踐上面臨許多限制：安全與自由的衝突排擠；無法兼顧個體與群體權益的保障；過程與結果的兩難。
針對上述研究發現，本研究提出對現有安置機構評鑑制度、以及服務輸送規劃執行的反思和建議。
關鍵詞：安置機構、權益保障、參與、少年

以文找文

The aim of this study is to examine how the concept of “rights protection” is constructed and implemented at the adolescent residential institution in order to explore the ways in which youth rights are protected at the residential institution. Three questions will be explored: how do the staff and the youth at residential institutions view the concept of rights protection? How do they negotiate a settlement where youth rights are protected? In which ways do different agents involved (such as government authority, child-protection social workers, parents and school teachers) affect youth rights protection?
This study adopted ideals of Interpretivism and conducted semi-structured interviews amongst nine staff and seven youths from two different adolescent residential institutions in Taiwan. The findings indicate that the rights of young people at the residential institution are protected in a limited way. The findings also suggest that both the staff and the youth at the residential institution understand little about the concept of rights protection. In fact, because the residential institution is responsible for the safety of these youths, the staff put more emphasis on their protection rights and provision rights instead of participation rights. In other words, the youth at the residential institution enjoy less freedom to participate in activities than they should have.
These findings indicate that the residential institution lacks resources to provide the youth with full rights protection and that the staff has the sole power to determine the ways that the youth are treated. Therefore, the youth rights are exploited under “total institution”. Also, being placed at the long-term residential institution, the youth gradually become used to conditions with limited rights protection, lose the ability to judge whether the way they are treated is fair and appropriate, and finally give up pursuing their rights.
Lack of resources threatens the welfare of the youth at the residential institution and enhances the legitimacy of current measures of discipline that the staff employs. In order to receive care at the residential institution, the youth learn to accept the status quo and behave in the way that the staff expects them to. The staff claims that they limit youth rights for reasons of preventing deviant behavior of the youth and benefitting youth development. However, this study demonstrates that, if the staff misuses their power and authority, the youth rather choose to violate the rules to ensure their freedom or emotional and psychological interests.
This study classifies adolescent residential institutions into four types in terms of their measures of discipline and implement of youth rights protection: high control approaches, medium control approaches, medium control approaches through negotiation and discussion, and low control approaches which grants autonomy to the youth. The classification is base on the following factors: whether the staff can reach a consensus on measures of youth discipline, degrees of disciplinary authority and control approaches, and the roles of the government authority, child-protection social workers, parents and school teachers involved. For example, youth rights protection tends to be limited when internal conflicts of the residential institution are not disclosed or difficult to intervene in. Also, protection rights and provision rights tend to be considered prior to participation rights when managers of the residential institution avoid any risk of losing business. Therefore, choices between safety and freedom, between individual rights and collective rights, and between measures and results become the main obstacles to full youth rights protection.
This study concludes with suggestions for ways to enhance evaluation criteria for residential institution as well as practices of youth rights protection.
Keywords: residential institution, rights protection, participation, youth

以文找文

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4.	知覺健康長者復原力與成功老化之研究
5.	兒童權利公約在台灣的國內法化－－以離婚後子女親權行使與兒少安置案件中兒童及少年被傾聽的權利為例
6.	非自願少年留院適應歷程之探討
7.	我與障礙的交織：從五位男性移動障礙者的生命故事來看障礙意象轉變
8.	我國老人日間照顧服務品質之研究—服務使用者的觀點
9.	少年司法介入虞犯處理之研究—以司法院釋字第664號解釋為核心
10.	從貧窮、犯罪與社會排除論少年犯罪問題之研究
11.	建立初入安置機構兒童之定向遊戲治療工作模式
12.	台灣社會工作專業建制化過程研究：權力結構的歷史分析
13.	正式契約與關係治理的替代與互補--長期照顧居家服務委託關係之研究
14.	社會資本與夥伴關係關聯性之研究：以社會福利服務領域為例
15.	從社會資本觀點探析居家式托育服務輸送之研究

1.	社會工作管理
2.	復原力任務中心社會工作：理論與技術
3.	社會問題
4.	社會政策與社會立法

無相關著作

1.	網路使用的犯罪問題與防範對策之研究
2.	臺灣青少年學校輔導工作的困境初探
3.	網路犯罪抗制對策之探討
4.	郭沫若與「甲申三百年祭」
5.	離開安置機構青年之自立生活現況與相關經驗初探
6.	臺灣兒童少年安置機構政策與實務發展之探討
7.	多元需求個案之處遇：兼論兒童青少年心理衛生社工專業
8.	「社會教導」於兒少安置服務的運用：權益取向的模式
9.	《兒童及少年福利與權益保障法》修正後安置離院轉銜與照顧政策之變遷
10.	親子遊戲治療於家外安置兒童與寄養家庭之依附關係成效與療效因子之分析
11.	機構安置少女復原力培育之行動研究
12.	充權創契機優勢擘希望--促進高關懷少年自立生活實驗方案
13.	藝術治療在憂鬱情緒兒童的應用--以客體關係取向為例
14.	學校社會工作人員在情緒行為障礙學生轉介前介入之角色--以品行疾患兒童／青少年為例
15.	當收容人遇上故宮--監獄裡的博物館教育活動

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