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題名：科學報導的閱讀理解與隱喻的角色
書刊名：中華傳播學刊
作者：陳綱佩／張寶芳 引用關係／洪瑞雲 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chen, Kang-pei／Chang, Christine P.／Horng, Ruey-yun
出版日期：2007
卷期：11
頁次：頁71-109
主題關鍵詞：文本理解；科學新聞寫作；隱喻；命題分析；Text comprehension；Science reporting；Metaphor；Proposition analysis
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:3
  • 共同引用共同引用:104
  • 點閱點閱:78
本研究探討科學文本中使用隱喻是否會增進讀者對科學文本內容的理解。以33位高中學生為受試者，每位閱讀四篇改寫字媒體上的科學報導，其中有兩篇使用與所要報導的科學知識主旨類似的隱喻，另兩篇則不含隱喻。隱喻加在科學文本第一段的第一句，有無隱喻為受試者內變項。受試者在讀完每篇報導之後，分別以自由回憶方式寫出報導的內容。以Kintsch（1988）命題分析中的巨觀命題作為自由回憶的內容的分析單位，統計結果顯示，在科學文本中使用隱喻，受試者對科學報導內容的正確巨觀命題回憶量顯著較高，同時錯誤的巨觀命題回憶量顯著較低。此外，研究也發現受試者閱讀有使用隱喻的科學文本時，全文主旨掌握程度顯著高於未使用隱喻的科學文本。本研究因此結論：在科學報導中使用隱喻可以提昇讀者的閱讀理解。
The purpose of this research was to examine whether or not applying metaphor in science news might increase text comprehension. Thirty-three high school students participated in the experiment. Each student was asked to read four science news, two with metaphor and two without metaphor. The metaphor sentence was embedded at the very beginning of the text. Participants were asked to write down their free recalls of the article immendiately after reading the four stories. The number of macro-propositions recalled and the accuracy of the situation model of the science text were used as the measures of text comprehension. The results support our phypotheses that: (1) applying metaphor enhances the comprehension of gist in a science report; and (2) applying metaphor in science reporting may help readers construct a more correct situation model of the scientific findings.
期刊論文
1.Bowdle, B. F.、Gentner, D.(2005)。The career of metaphor。Psychological Review，112(1)，193-216。  new window
2.Glucksberg, S.、McGlone, M. S.、Manfredi, D.(1997)。Property attribution in metaphor comprehension。Journal of Memory and Language，36，50-67。  new window
3.馮建三(19950100)。科技新聞是意識形態嗎？--探討科技記者與科技專家的關係兼論另類科技新聞的可能空間。新聞學研究，50，41-60。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.鄭宇君(20030100)。從社會脈絡解析科學新聞的產製--以基因新聞為例。新聞學研究，74，121-147。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.Allbritton, David W.、McKoon, Gail、Gerrig, Richard J.(1995)。Metaphor-Based Schemas and Text Representations: Making Connections through Conceptual Metaphors。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition，21(3)，612-625。  new window
6.李怡嚴(20020500)。隱喻--心智的得力工具。當代，59=177，56-65。  延伸查詢new window
7.徐美苓、丁志音(20040400)。小病微恙的真實再現--以「感冒」的新聞論述為例。新聞學研究，79，197-242。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Mayer, R. E.(1984)。Aids to text comprehension。Educational Psychologist，19，30-42。  new window
9.Trabasso, Tom、Van den Broek, Paul W.(1985)。Causal thinking and the representation of narrative events。Journal of Memory and Language，24(5)，612-630。  new window
10.Gentner, Dedre(1988)。Metaphor as structure-mapping: The relational shift。Child Development，59(1)，47-59。  new window
11.徐美苓、黃淑貞(19980100)。愛滋病新聞報導內容之分析。新聞學研究，56，237-268。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.羅文輝、蘇蘅、林元輝(19980100)。如何提升新聞的正確性：一種新查證方法的實驗設計。新聞學研究，56，269-296。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.Gentner, D.(1983)。Structure-mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy。Cognitive Science，7(2)，155-170。  new window
14.黃俊儒、簡妙如(20060100)。科學新聞文本的論述層次及結構分佈：構思另個科學傳播的起點。新聞學研究，86，135-170。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.Kintsch, Walter(1988)。The role of knowledge in discourse comprehension: A construction-integration model。Psychological Review，95(2)，163-182。  new window
16.Kintsch, W.、Van Dijk, T. A.(1978)。Toward a model of text comprehension and production。Psychological Review，85(5)，363-394。  new window
17.Johnson, Mark L.、Fernandez-Duque, Diego(1999)。Attention Metaphors: How Metaphors Guide Cognitive Psychology of Attention。Cognitive Science，23(1)，83-116。  new window
18.Gaziano, Emanuel(1996)。Ecological Metaphors as Scientific Boundary Work: Innovation and Authority in Interwar Sociology and Biology。American Journal of Sociology，101(4)，874-907。  new window
19.Goetz, Ernest T.、Schallert, Diane L.、Reynolds, Ralph E.、Anderson, Richard C.(1977)。Frameworkes for Comprehending Discourse。American Educational Research Journal，14(4)，367-382。  new window
20.Tankard, J. W.(1984)。News Source Perceptions of Accuracy of Science Coverage。Journalism Quarterly，51(2)，219-226。  new window
21.Johnson-Sheehan, R.(1995)。Scientific Communication and Metaphors: An Analysis of Einstein's 1905 Special Reality Paper。Journal of Technical Writing and Communication，25(1)，71-83。  new window
22.Schacter, D. L.(1999)。Seven Sins of Memory: Insights from Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience。American Psychologist，54(3)，182-203。  new window
23.Glucksberg, S.、Keysar, B.(1990)。Understanding Metaphorical Comparisons: Beyond Similarity。Psychological Review，97(1)，3-18。  new window
24.Moravcsik, J. E.、Kintsch, W.(1993)。Writing Quality, Reading Skills, and Domain Knowledge as Factors in Text Comprehension。Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology，47(2)，360-374。  new window
研究報告
1.洪瑞雲(1992)。一個人類問題解決歷程的理論與資料分析方法之架構。新竹。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.楊素芬(1996)。文本類型對閱讀的影響：以新聞體與小說體為例(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.徐鳳美(1999)。網路新聞與報紙新聞文本結構之比較研究(碩士論文)。國立交通大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Loftus, E. F.(1979)。Eyewitness Testimony。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
2.Sternberg, Robert J.(1990)。Metaphors of Mind: Conceptions of the nature of intelligence。Metaphors of Mind: Conceptions of the nature of intelligence。New York, NY：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Krieghbaum, Hillier(1994)。科學與大眾媒介。科學與大眾媒介。臺北市：遠流。  延伸查詢new window
4.Black, Max(1962)。Models and metaphors: Studies in language and philosophy。Cornell University Press。  new window
5.鍾蔚文(19920000)。從媒介真實到主觀真實。臺北：正中。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Lakoff, George、Johnson, Mark、Chou, Shizhen(1980)。Metaphors We Live By。University of Chicago Press。  new window
7.Way, Eileen Cornell(1991)。Knowledge Representation and Metaphor。Kluwer Academic Publishers。  new window
8.Graesser, Arthur C.(1981)。Prose comprehension beyond the word。New York：Springer-Verlag。  new window
9.Fiske, John、張錦華(1995)。傳播符號學理論。臺北市：遠流。  延伸查詢new window
10.Kintsch, Walter(1998)。Comprehension: A paradigm for cognition。Cambridge University Press。  new window
11.van Dijk, Teun Adrianus、Kintsch, Walter(1983)。Strategies of discourse comprehension。Academic Press。  new window
12.Kintsch, Walter(1974)。The representation of meaning in memory。Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
13.Brown, Theodore L.(2003)。Making Truth: Metaphor in Science。Making Truth: Metaphor in Science。Chicago, IL。  new window
14.石永貴(1972)。科學新聞報導。科學新聞報導。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
15.Meyer, Bonnie J. F.(1975)。The Organization of Prose and Its Effects on Memory。The Organization of Prose and Its Effects on Memory。Amsterdam, Netherlands。  new window
16.(1977)。Cognitive Processes in Comprehension。Cognitive Processes in Comprehension。Hillsdale, NJ。  new window
17.(1991)。Best Science Writing: Readings and Insights。Best Science Writing: Readings and Insights。0。  new window
18.Bipin, I.(1992)。Metaphor and Cognition。Metaphor and Cognition。Boston, MA。  new window
19.Mayer, Richard E.(1993)。The Instructive Metaphor: Metaphoric Aids to Students' Understanding of Science。Metaphor and Thought。Cambridge, UK。  new window
圖書論文
1.Gentner, Dedre、Bowdle, Brian F.、Wolff, Phillip、Boronat, Consuelo(2001)。Metaphor is like analogy。The analogical mind: Perspectives from cognitive science。Cambridge MA：MIT Press。  new window
2.Gentner, D.(1989)。The mechanisms of analogical learning。Similarity and analogical reasoning。Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Black, M.(1993)。More about metaphor。Metaphor and Thought。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
4.Kuhn, Thomas S.(1993)。Metaphor in Science。Metaphor and Thought。Cambridge University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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