This article focuses on "false accusations of adultery" during the late Ming and early Qing periods. The main sources are officials' collections of legal decisions. In the Ming-Qing era, a large number of chaste widows and faithful maidens were granted official awards. However, we can also find many references to immoral women in materials of this period. This article argues that both the images of chaste women and those of immoral women were stereotypes thatimages were often constructed through the legal process itself. "False accusations of adultery" generally involved the construction of good and evil. Therefore, this paper looks at false accusations of adultery in order to highlight, first, the construction of extreme images of women, and second, litigants' feelings about chastity. This article begins with a discussion of the slander trials of "false accusations of adultery," while its latter two parts deal with actual cases. Although not all litigants who pursued false accusations of adultery necessarily believed in the norm of chastity or pursued it themselves, they nonetheless understood that chastity was an important norm and that claims to chastity could lead to favorable results in court. Litigants overstated their own "chastity" and their opponent's "immorality" to obtain sympathy and attention. The legal process itself thus tended to construct both extremely "chaste" and extremely "immoral" images of women.