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題名：公共衛生危機中政府與媒體如何共舞：檢視產生不實新聞的影響因素
書刊名：廣告學研究
作者：蘇蘅 引用關係／陳憶寧 引用關係
作者(外文)：Su, Herng／Chen, Katherine Yi-ning
出版日期：2010
卷期：33
頁次：頁1-38
主題關鍵詞：記者；不實新聞；消息來源；公共衛生危機；認知落差；Journalists；News inaccuracies；News sources；Public health crises；Different perspectives on news
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(0) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:5
  • 共同引用共同引用:215
  • 點閱點閱:120
新聞媒體是向公眾傳遞健康和醫藥相關新聞的重要載具，然而媒體在報導與政府有關的公共衛生新聞時，特別是疾病管制局的報導，卻被批評報導不實，且無法在危機中傳遞正確訊息。在考慮到醫藥記者應將正確性放在第一順位之前，我們認為應該先試問新聞不正確如何發生、是否消息來源本身有錯、記者是否誤解新聞中的科學、何為影響公共衛生新聞的關鍵因素等。本研究中，我們以疾管局的不實報導為例，透過質性研究的方式，訪談線上記者、媒體主管、新聞、法律、公衛學者和公關專業人士，試圖找出不實新聞如何產生，並檢視記者和疾管局官員在新聞定義上的差距，我們發現記者尋找新聞性，官員卻認為科學才是重點。這種差距進一步惡化兩方關係，並造成更多不實新聞。本研究認為政府作為新聞消息來源之一，應該要在危機發生時積極主動提供訊息．即使沒有任何危機出現，政府官員也應該經常提供記者可報導的新聞素材，使得政府機構能夠擁有更多正面的媒體曝光，如此一來，政府機構就能夠在公眾心中建立具可信度和信賴感的形象。
News media are important vehicles for disseminating news on health and medicine to the public. However, news reports on health in Taiwan related to the government, especially about CDC, have been criticized for inaccuracies during public health crises. How do inaccuracies arise? This is the question we shall ask, considering that health journalists must put accurate reporting on the top priority. Were their sources in error? Was the science in the news misinterpreted? What are the key influences of the public health news reports? In the present study, we focused the factors that caused news inaccuracies about CDC. Qualitative interviews with interviewees, including on-beat reporters, media decision makers, professors in journalism, law, and public health, and PR practitioners were conducted to figure out why inaccuracies arose in crises and illustrated the gap of the definition of news between the journalists and the CDC officials. It was found that the journalists sought for news values whereas the officials emphasized on science. This gap further deteriorated the relationship between the two parties, and then caused more inaccuracies. We proposed that the government, as one of the news sources, should provide information proactively during crises. Even when there were no crises, the officials should provide news materials to the reporters regularly so that the institute will have a better chance for a positive media exposure so as to form a public image of being credible and trustworthy.
期刊論文
1.Moore, B.、Singletary, M.(1985)。Scientific sources' perceptions of network news accuracy。Journalism Quarterly，62(4)，816-823。  new window
2.潘忠黨、Kosicki, Gerald M.(199301)。Framing Analysis: An Approach to News Discourse。Political Communication，10(1)，55-75。  new window
3.張馨方(1998)。除了眼淚與恐慌，媒體還給了大眾什麼？電視媒體對腸病毒報導的檢討。新聞鏡週刊，504，6-9。  延伸查詢new window
4.Berry, F. C.(1967)。A Study of Accuracy in Local News Stories of Three Dailies。Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly，44(3)，482-490。  new window
5.Meyer, Philip(1988)。A workable measure of audition accuracy in newspapers。Newspaper Research Journal，10(1)，39-51。  new window
6.Tillinghast, W. A.(1983)。Source control and evaluation of newspaper inaccuracies。Newspaper Research Journal，5(1)，13-31。  new window
7.Lawrence, G. C.、Grey, D. L.(1969)。Subjective in accuracies in local news reporting。Journalism Quarterly，46(4)，753-757。  new window
8.Charnley, M. V.(1936)。Preliminary notes on a study of newspaper accuracy。Journalism Quarterly，13，394-401。  new window
9.Kohring, Matthias、Matthes, Jörg(2007)。Trust in news media: Development and validation of a multidimensional scale。Communication Research，34(2)，231-252。  new window
10.Coombs, W. Timothy(1998)。An Analytic Framework for Crisis Situations: Better Responses From a Better Understanding of the Situation。Journal of Public Relations Research，10(3)，177-191。  new window
11.Singletary, M. W.(1976)。Components of Credibility of a Favorable News Source。Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly，53(2)，316-319。  new window
12.羅文輝、蘇蘅、林元輝(19980100)。如何提升新聞的正確性：一種新查證方法的實驗設計。新聞學研究，56，269-296。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.王立行(1998)。腸病毒風暴的心理剖析與媒體效應。新聞評議，283，10-13。  延伸查詢new window
14.徐佳士(1974)。我國報紙新「主觀錯誤」研究。新聞學研究，13，3-26。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.Bennett, W. L.(1990)。Towards a theory of press-state relations in the United States。Journal of Communication，40(2)，103-127。  new window
16.Blankenburg, William B.(1970)。News accuracy: Some findings on the meaning of errors。Journal of Communication，20(4)，375-386。  new window
17.Brodie, M., Hamel, E. C., Altman, D. E., Blendon, R. J.,、Benson, M. J.(2003)。Health news and the american public, 1996-2002。Journal of Health Politics, Policy & Law，28(5)，927-951。  new window
18.Curtin, P. A.(1999)。Re-evaluating public relations information subsidies: Market driven journalism and agenda-building theory and practice。Journal of Public Relations Research，11，52-90。  new window
19.Dilorio, C., Resnicow, K. Dudley, W. N., Thomas, S., Wang, D. J.,、Van Master, D. F.(2000)。Social cognitive factors associated with mother-adolescent communication about sex。Journal of Health Communication，5，41-52。  new window
20.Gary, H.,、Stanley, T. W.(2004)。Measuring newscast accuracy: Applying a newspaper model to television。Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly，81(3)，546-558。  new window
21.Grimm, J.(2009)。Teaching the controversy: The relationship between sources and frames in reporting the intelligence design debate。Science Communication，31(2)，167-186。  new window
22.Liao, Kuang-Sheng(1980)。Mass media and crisis communication in china: Chinese press reactions in the 1962 sino-Indian border conflict。Communication Research，7(1)，69-94。  new window
23.Maier, S. R.(2005)。Accuracy matters: A cross-market assessment of newspaper error and credibility。Journalism Quarterly，82(3)，533-551。  new window
24.Meyers, O.(2007)。Memory in journalism and the memory of journalism: Israelijournalists and the constructed legacy of haolam hazeh。Journal of Communication，57，719-738。  new window
25.Ryan, M.,、Owen, D.(1977)。An accuracy survey of metropolitan newspaper coverage of social issues。Journalism Quarterly，77，27-32。  new window
26.Scheufele, D. A.(2000)。Agenda-setting, priming and framing revisited: Another look of cognitive effects of political communication。Mass Communication & Society，3(2& 3)，297-316。  new window
27.Singletary, M. W.(1980)。Accuracy in news reporting: A review of the research。ANPA News Research Report，25，1-8。  new window
28.Stryker, J. E., Moriarty, C. M.,、Jensen, J. D.(2008)。Effects of newspaper coverage on public knowledge about modifiable cancer risk。Health Communication，23(4)，380-390。  new window
29.Tichenor, P. J., Olien, C. N., Harrison, A.,、Donohue, G.(1970)。Mass communication systems and communication accuracy in science news reporting。Journalism Quarterly，47(2)，673-683。  new window
30.Tillinghast, W. A.(1982)。Newspaper errors: Reporters dispute most source claims。Newspaper Research Journal，3(3)，15-23。  new window
會議論文
1.Dutta-Bergman, M. J., Madhavan, K.,、Arns, L.(2009)。Responding to bio-terror: Astrategic framework for crisis response pedagogy using 3d visualization。New York City。  new window
2.Soloski, J.(1989)。News reporting and professionalism: Some constraints on the reporting of the news。Gainesville, Florida。  new window
研究報告
1.鄭瑞城(1983)。報紙新聞報導之正確性研究 (計畫編號：NSC 71-0301-H004-001)。國立政治大學新聞研究所。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.劉萍(1992)。台灣地區報紙新聞報導正確性之探析，台北市。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Deacon, D.、Golding, P.(1994)。Taxation and Representation。London：John Libbey。  new window
2.Hardin, Russell(2002)。Trust and Trustworthiness。New York, NY：Russell Sage Foundation。  new window
3.Luhmann, N.(1979)。Trust and Power: Two Works。Chichester。  new window
4.Neuman, W. Lawrence(2000)。Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches。Allyn and Bacon。  new window
5.Giddens, Anthony(1990)。The Consequences of Modernity。Stanford, CA：Stanford University Press。  new window
6.葉至誠、葉立誠(1999)。研究方法與論文寫作。商鼎文化出版社。  延伸查詢new window
7.Babbie, Earl、李美華、孔祥明、林嘉娟、王婷玉(1998)。社會科學研究方法。時英出版社。  延伸查詢new window
8.Shoemaker, Pamela J.、Reese, Stephen D.(1996)。Mediating the Message: Theories of Influences on Mass Media Content。Longman。  new window
9.翁秀琪(1992)。大眾傳播理論與實證。台北：三民書局。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.羅文輝(1988)。正確與公正是報紙最重要的資產。媒介批評。台北。  延伸查詢new window
11.Brooks, B. S., Kennedy, G., Moen, D. R.,、Ranly, D.(1999)。News reporting and writing。Boston。  new window
12.Earle, T. C.,、Cvetkovich, G. T.(1995)。Social trust: Toward a cosmopolitan society。Westport, CT。  new window
13.Kohring, M.(2004)。Trust in journalism: Theoretical and empirical investigations。Konstanz, Germany。  new window
14.McQuail, D.(1992)。Mass communication theory (5th ed)。Thousand Oaks, CA。  new window
15.Nossek, H.,、Limor, Y.(1998)。Military censorship in Israel: An ongoing compromise between clashing values。Media in Israel。Tel Aviv, Israel。  new window
圖書論文
1.Cottle, S.(2003)。News, Public Relations and Power: Mapping the Field。News, Pubic Relations and Power。London：Sage Publications。  new window
 
 
 
 
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