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題名：非語言敏感度：權力差異與不同社會角色期待的效果探討
書刊名：教育與心理研究
作者：林怡秀／李怡青 引用關係
作者(外文)：Lin, Yi-hsiu／Lee, I-ching
出版日期：2011
卷期：34:1
頁次：頁55-77
主題關鍵詞：人際敏感度；性別差異；權力；社會角色；Interpersonal sensitivity；Gender difference；Power；Social roles
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:46
  • 點閱點閱:50
「人際敏感度」指正確察覺與解釋他人展現訊息與行為代表意義的正確性。過去研究發現，女性的人際敏感度優於男性，可採權力觀點或社會角色理論解釋。權力觀點認為女性缺乏權力，故需展現良好的人際敏感度保障自己權益。社會角色理論認為女性擔任，或被期待擔任照顧者，因此培養出良好的人際敏感度。本研究比較此二理論對人際敏感度的解釋，透過權力差異的操弄與不同的議題（經濟提供者或照顧者）討論，探討兩人互動時的人際敏感度。結果符合權力觀點的解釋，而社會角色未直接影響人際敏感度。不過，我們發現權力差異對人際敏感度的效果，會受到社會角色是否符合生理性別期待的作業類型影響。本文深入檢驗並探討權力觀點與社會角色理論對人際敏感度的解釋。
Interpersonal sensitivity refers to one's ability to accurately detect and decode cues communicated by others. Past research showed that women enjoy superior interpersonal sensitivity over men; different explanations were offered in theories from a power perspective and social role theory. Theories from the power perspective suggest that women rely on their interpersonal sensitivity for protection, due to their relative lack of power in the society. Social role theory suggests that women are more likely to be (or are expected to be) caretakers, which require their attention to others. As a result, women develop superior interpersonal sensitivity over men. Based in Snodgrass's interaction paradigm, we designed an experimental study to test explanations offered by these theories. In the experiment, two individuals were told to work on a task which either required them to be providers (focusing on earning money) or caretakers (focusing on taking care of others). Before interaction, they were randomly assigned to be the leader or the subordinate, respectively. The results showed that interpersonal sensitivity in interaction can be best accounted for by theories from the power perspective. Subordinates were more sensitive to how leaders felt about them (the subordinates), whereas leaders were more sensitive to how subordinates felt about themselves. In addition, we found three-way interactions of participant sex, power, and social role, suggesting that the effects of power manipulation were constrained by the gender implications of the tasks. Motivation was offered to account for the differential effects of power manipulation.
期刊論文
1.Hyde, J. S.(2005)。The Gender Similarities Hypothesis。American Psychologist，60(6)，581-592。  new window
2.Eagly, A. H.、Steffen, V. J.(1984)。Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，46，735-754。  new window
3.Brody, L. R.(1985)。Gender differences in emotional development: A review of theories and research。Journal of Personality，53，102-149。  new window
4.Anderson, C.、Berdahl, J. L.(2002)。The experience of power: Examining the effects of power on approach and inhibition tendencies。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，83(6)，1362-1377。  new window
5.Keltner, Dacher、Gruenfeld, Deborah H.、Anderson, Cameron(2003)。Power, approach, and inhibition。Psychological Review，110(2)，265-284。  new window
6.Overbeck, J. R.、Park, B.(2001)。When power does not corrupt: Superior individuation processes among powerful perceivers。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，81(4)，549-565。  new window
7.Wong, Chi-Sum、Law, Kenneth S.(2002)。The Effects of Leader and Follower Emotional Intelligence on Performance and Attitude: An Exploratory Study。The Leadership Quarterly，13(3)，243-274。  new window
8.Bem, Sandra L.(1981)。Gender Schema Theory: A Cognitive Account of Sex Typing。Psychological Review，88(4)，354-364。  new window
9.李美枝(19810600)。性別特質問卷的編製及男女大學生四種性別特質類型在成就動機、婚姻、事業及性態度上的比較。中華心理學刊，23(1)，23-37。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.Balkwell, J. W.、Berger, J.(1996)。Gender, status, and behavior in task situations。Social Psychology Quarterly，59(3)，273-283。  new window
11.Broverman, I. K.、Vogel, S. R.、Broverman, D. M.、Clarkson, F. E.、Rosenkrantz, P. S.(1972)。Sex-role stereotype: A current appraisal。Journal of Social Issue，28，59-78。  new window
12.DePaulo, B. M.、Brittingham, G L.、Kaiser, M. K.(1983)。Receiving competence-relevant help: Effects on reciprocity, affect, and sensitivity to the helper's nonverbally-expressed needs。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，45，1045-1060。  new window
13.Dovidio, J. F.、Brown, C. B.、Heltman, K.、Ellyson, S. L.、Keating, C. F.(1988)。Power displays between women and men in discussions of gender-linked tasks: A multichannel study。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，55，580-587。  new window
14.Guimond, S.、Branscombe, N. R.、Brunot, S.、Buunk, A. P.、Chatard, A.、Desert, M.、Yzerbyt, V.(2007)。Culture, gender, and the self: Variations and impact of social comparison processes。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，92(6)，1118-1134。  new window
15.Hall, J. A.、Halberstadt, A. G.(1994)。Subordination' and sensitivity to nonverbal cues: A study of married working women。Sex Roles，31，149-165。  new window
16.Hall, J. A.、Halberstadt, A. G.、O' Brien, C. E.(1997)。''Subordination' and nonverbal sensitivity: A study and synthesis of findings based on trait measures。Sex Roles，37，295-317。  new window
17.Hall, J. A.、Mast, M. S.(2008)。Are women always more interpersonally sensitive than men? Impact of goals and content domain。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，34，144-155。  new window
18.Hall, J. A.、Matsumoto, D.(2004)。Gender differences in judgments of multiple emotions from facial expressions。Emotion，4(2)，201-206。  new window
19.Proverbio, A. M.、Matarazzo, S.、Brignone, V.、Zotto, M.、Zani, A.(2007)。Processing valence and intensity of infant experessions: The roles of expertise and gender。Scandinavian Journal of Psychology，48，477-485。  new window
20.Rojahn, K.、Willemsen, T. M.(1994)。The evaluation of effectiveness and likability of gender-role congruent and gender-role incongruent leaders。Sex Roles，30，109-119。  new window
21.Rosip, J. C.、Hall, J. A.(2004)。Knowledge of nonverbal cues, gender, and nonverbal decoding accuracy。Journal of Nonverbal Behavior，28，267-286。  new window
22.Snodgrass, S. E.(1985)。Women's intuition: The effect of subordinate role on interpersonal sensitivity。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，49，146-155。  new window
23.Snodgrass, S. E.(1992)。Further effects of role versus gender on interpersonal sensitivity。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，62，154-158。  new window
24.Wagner, D. G.、Berger, J.(1997)。Gender and international task behaviors: Status expectation accounts。Social Perspectives，40，1-32。  new window
25.Wiggins, J. S.、Trapnell, P.、Phillips, N.(1988)。Psychometric properties and geometric characteristics of the Revised Interpersonal Adjective Scales (IAS-R)。Multivariate Behavioral Research，23，517-530。  new window
26.Wood, W.、Eagly, A.(2002)。A cross-cultural analysis of the behavior of women and men; Implications for the origin of sex differences。Psychological Bulletin，128，699-727。  new window
學位論文
1.滿莉芳(2002)。情緒勞務工作者情緒勞務負荷與工作結果之研究--以情緒智力與工作特性為干擾(碩士論文)。靜宜大學，台中。  延伸查詢new window
2.鄧湘蘭(1999)。成人情緒辨識量表之發展極其相關因素研究(碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Eagly, Alice H.(1987)。Sex differences in social behavior: A social-role interpretation。Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.。  new window
2.Kenny, D. A.、Kashy, D. A.、Cook, W. L.(2006)。Dyadic Data Analysis。New York, NY：Guilford。  new window
3.Hall, J. A.(1984)。Nonverbal sex differences: Communication accuracy and expressive style。Baltimore, MD。  new window
4.Rosenthal, R.、DePaulo, B. M.(1979)。Sex differences in accomodation in nonverbal communication。Skill in nonverbal communication。Cambridge, MA。  new window
5.Snodgrass, S. E.(2001)。Correlational method for assessing interpersonal sensitivity within dyadic interaction。Interpersonal sensitivity: Theory and measurement。Mahwah, NJ。  new window
6.Hall, J. A.、Bernieri, F. J.、Carney, D. R.(2005)。Nonverbal behavior and interpersonal sensitivity。The new handbook of methods in nonverbal behavior research。New York。  new window
7.Henley, N. M.(1995)。Body politics revisited: What do we know today。Gender, power, and communication in human relationshis。Hillsdale, NJ。  new window
8.Ridgeway, C. L.、Bourg, C.(2004)。Gender as status: An expectation states theory approach。The psychology of gender。New York。  new window
圖書論文
1.Fiske, Susan T.、Berdahl, Jennifer(2007)。Social power。Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles。New York：Guilford Press。  new window
2.LaFrance, M.、Henley, N. M.(1994)。On oppressing hypotheses: Or differences in nonverbal sensitivity revisited。Power/gender: Social relations in theory and practice。London：Sage。  new window
3.Kashy, D. A.、Kenny, D. A.(2000)。The analysis of data from dyads and groups。Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology。Cambridge University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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