Belief in the city-god was among the most popular religious expressions in traditional Chinese society. It has long been viewed as a kind of ”folk” belief. Yet the question remains why practices surrounding the city-god seemed bureaucratic and how it displayed an obviously bureaucratic image even in its early period. This essay explores the myth of the city-god by reconsidering the history of its spread before the Song period, focusing on its relationship with local government. This article proposes that the spread of city-god worship underwent two phases: first as it was popularized within the area of Wu-Yue through the high Tang to the mid-Tang some officials participated in local sacrificial activities in honor of the city-guarding gods but still doubted if there was any justification for the sacrificial tradition. Then from mid-Tang to the end of the dynasty, the worship of the city-god spread rapidly all over the empire while the popular view changed from seeking an apotheosized heroic personality who could guard the city to the pursuit of any god with this function. This explains why in some areas the original identities of city-gods were clear and remained unchanged through time, while the identities of the gods changed in other areas. In this second phase, there was a blurring of the city-god's profile as it appeared more specialised and bureaucratic, and its ties to the local area weakened. The article also suggests a possible link between the spread of belief in the city-god and the sacrifices to it by local governments, as new trends emerged in its development in the Tang dynasty. Its inclusion in the local sacrificial convention, its image as a city-guarding god, and its bureaucratic features to co-govern the area with local officials: these trends suggest that local governments played a critical role in the popularization of city-god belief.