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題名:道教與性別--二十世紀中葉後歐美重要研究評述
書刊名:新史學
作者:林欣儀 引用關係
作者(外文):Lin, Hsin-yi
出版日期:2015
卷期:26:2
頁次:頁191-242
主題關鍵詞:道教與性別道教與身體女神仙真女道女丹Daoism and genderDaoism and bodyFemale deities and transcendentsFemale practitionersFemale inner alchemy
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:5
  • 共同引用共同引用:270
  • 點閱點閱:258
本文回顧五十多年來歐美學界道教與性別研究,兼及部分民間宗教,以三大類主題「女性神祇與仙真」、「道教、民間宗教與身體」、「女性修道者、組織、儀式和法脈傳承」為經,研究方法和問題意識之演變為緯,反思其發展。大致來說,在研究主題方面,女神、仙真、知名女道和創教者的探討,自始至今皆為大宗。此外,經典中以陰為尚的理想與現實中女性修道者的關係,乃至身體觀、房中術、血污禁忌和女丹修鍊等課題亦備受關注。近年來,宗教組織、儀式和法脈傳承中的女性,逐漸蔚為一股重要的研究方向。在方法和問題意識上,學者廣泛結合經典、田野調查、史籍、詩文、小說、碑銘、方志、書信等多重材料,試圖從神聖化的女神傳說和女仙傳記中探求女性修道者的生活樣貌及其蘊有的性別意涵。1990年代後,學者對於宗教與性別之關係有更明確的反思。許多學者傾向以宗教為一對話或交流平台,信仰、經典和象徵內容未必僅具單一詮釋,信徒亦非被動接受教義灌輸,而是在各種具體實踐、教義闡釋、傳說演繹、神話創造的過程中帶入當下處境,反映自身觀點,從而反向影響宗教的發展。女性信徒與修道者不僅從中獲取救濟,更直接或間接經此管道發聲、展現其因應策略。
This review article introduces some representative studies from America and Europe over the past sixty years on Daoism and gender, including some work on popular religion. It is composed of three major topics: "female deities and transcendents"; "Daoism, popular religion, and the body"; and "female followers, religious institutions, and rituals and lineages." In my discussion of each topic, I reflect on the methodologies and theoretical approaches adopted by these studies and indicate the research trends developed during the past few decades. Overall, in terms of research topics, studies of female deities, transcendents, and sectarian founders have been the foci of the field. Topics related to gendered body concepts in Daoism and popular religion are also of interest to Western scholars. They explore issues such as the gap between the doctrinal superiority of femininty and real female Daoists' situations in history, sexual arts and female desire, reproductive taboos, and female inner alchemy. Recently, investigation on women in religious institutions, rituals, and lineages has gradually become prominent. In terms of theory and methods, scholars have been utilizing a wide range of materials from multiple areas in addition to canons so as to uncover the history and lives of female transcendents behind the mythology of hagiography. They also delve into various gender issues embedded in these accounts. From the 1990s onward, research in this realm shows more and more distinct consciousness of using gender as an analytical category. Chinese religion now tends to be seen as an arena where different discourses, conflict, and negotiation intersect and whose contents are shaped together by religious professionals and followers. Corresponding to this view, Daoism and popular religion are also perceived as a channel through which women may find their own voices and reactions by participating in religious practices and through the process of recounting and reinterpreting doctrines, myths, symbols, and legends of female deities. Unlike previous scholarship before the 1990s which tends to regard religion as a rigid social structure imposing existent gender norms on women, recent studies demonstrate that Daoism and popular religion in China may equip women with various views and abundant resources to challenge their disadvantageous conditions in their real lives. Even the religions themselves may have been molded by women in accordance with their interests and concerns.
期刊論文
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11.方玲(19920900)。中國古代的女仙--《道教與女丹》。漢學研究通訊,11(3)=43,208-209。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.林瑋嬪(20100600)。The Lady of Linshui: A Chinese Female Cult by Brigitte Baptandier。臺灣人類學刊,8(2),143-145。new window  new window
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15.謝世維(20131200)。當代西方對宋元以後內丹研究之回顧。清華中文學報,10,443-489。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.Baldrian-Hussein, Farzeen(1986)。LÜ Tung-pin in Northern Sung Literature。Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie,2,133-169。  new window
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52.Boltz, Judith Magee(1987)。A Survey of Taoist Literature, Tenth to Seventeenth Centuries。Institute of East Asian Studies, Center of Chinese Studies, University of California。  new window
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54.張珣(20030000)。文化媽祖:臺灣媽祖信仰研究論文集。臺北:中央研究院民族學研究所。new window  延伸查詢new window
55.Maim, Susan、游鑑明、胡纓、季家珍(2011)。重讀中國女性生命故事。五南圖書出版股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.林富士(2008)。六朝時期民間社會所祀「女性人鬼」初探。中國中古時期的宗教與醫療。臺北:聯經出版事業股份有限公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.趙昕毅(2010)。道教與民間宗教研究。北美中國學--研究概述與文獻資源。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
3.張穎(2012)。道教女性與女性道教。性別視野中的中國歷史新貌。北京:社會科學文獻出版社。  延伸查詢new window
4.Hall, David Avalon(1997)。Marishiten: Buddhist Influences on Combative Behavior。Koryu Bujutsu: Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan。Warren:Koryu Books。  new window
5.Esposito, Monica(2008)。Doumu, Mother of the Dipper。The Encyclopedia of Taoism。London:New York:Routledge。  new window
6.丁山(2011)。月神與日神。中國古代宗教與神話考。上海:上海書店。  延伸查詢new window
7.余欣(2006)。民間宗教--名與義的再檢討。神道人心--唐宋之際敦煌民生宗教社會史研究。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
8.李玉珍(2009)。中國婦女與佛教。中國史新論‧性別史分冊。臺北:聯經出版公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.李零(2006)。馬王堆房中書研究。中國方術正考。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
10.李零(2006)。東漢魏晉南北朝房中經典流派考。中國方術續考。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
11.李豐楙(2010)。《漢武內傳》研究--《漢武內傳》的著成及其演變。仙境與遊歷--神仙世界的想像。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
12.李豐楙(1986)。《漢武內傳》研究--《漢武內傳》的著成及其演變。六朝隋唐仙道類小說研究。臺北:學生書局。  延伸查詢new window
13.李豐楙(2010)。王母、王公與昆侖、東華--六朝上清經派的方位神話。仙境與遊歷--神仙世界的想像。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
14.李豐楙(2002)。王母、王公與昆侖、東華--六朝上清經派的方位神話。空間、地域與文化--中國文化空間的書寫與闡釋。臺北:中央研究院中國文哲研究所。  延伸查詢new window
15.李豐楙(2010)。西王母五女神話的形成及其演變。仙境與遊歷:神仙世界的想像。中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
16.李豐楙(2010)。魏晉神女神話與道教神女降真神話。仙境與遊歷--神仙世界的想像。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
17.林榮澤(2009)。從西王母到無生老母--論道教西王母向民間宗教的轉化。天書訓文研究--臺灣民間宗教研究論集。臺北:蘭臺出版社。  延伸查詢new window
18.葛兆光(2003)。道教研究的歷史和方法。屈服史及其他--六朝隋唐道教的思想史研究。北京:生活‧讀書‧新知三聯書店。  延伸查詢new window
19.葛兆光(2003)。中國宗教史研究的百年回顧。屈服史及其他--六朝隋唐道教的思想史研究。北京:生活‧讀書‧新知三聯書店。  延伸查詢new window
20.Baptandier, Brigitte(1996)。The Linshui: How a Woman Became a Goddess。Unruly Gods: Divinity and Society in China。Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press。  new window
21.Benn, Charles D.(2005)。Daoist Ordination and Zhai Rituals。Daoism Handbook。Leiden:Brill Academic Publishers。  new window
22.Bokenkamp, Stephen(2012)。Transmission of Female Daoist Xie Ziran 謝自然(767-795)。Affiliation and Transmission in Daoism: A Berlin Symposium。Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz Verlag。  new window
23.Cahill, Suzanne E.(2002)。Material Culture and the Dao: Textiles, Boats, and Zithers in the Poetry of Yu Xuanji (844-868)。Daoist Identity: History, Lineage, and Ritual。Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press。  new window
24.Cahill, Suzanne E.(2001)。Biography of the Daoist Saint Wang Fengxian by Du Guangting (850-933)。Under Confucian Eyes: Writings on Gender in Chinese History。Berkeley:University of California University。  new window
25.Despeux, Catherine(2005)。Women in Daoism。Daoism Handbook。Leiden:Brill。  new window
26.Dudbridge, Glen(1992)。Women Pilgrims to Tai Shan: Some Pages from a Seventeenth-Century Novel。Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in China。Berkeley:University of California Press。  new window
27.Furth, Charlotte(1994)。Rethinking Van Guilk: Sexuality and Reproduction in Traditional Chinese Medicine。Engendering China: Women, Culture, and the State。Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press。  new window
28.Jia, Jinhua(2014)。The Identity of Tang Daoist Priestesses。Gendering Chinese Religion: Subject, Identity, and Body。Albany:State of University of New York Press。  new window
29.Kalinowski, Marc(1985)。La transmission du dispositive des Neuf Palais sous les Six dynasties。Tantric and Taoist Studies。Brussels:Institut Belge des Hautes Etudes Chinoises。  new window
30.Robinet, Isabelle(1988)。Sexualité et taoïsm。Sexualité et religion。Paris:Cerf。  new window
31.Sangren, P. Steven(1996)。Myths, Gods, and Family Relations。Unruly Gods: Divinity and Society in China。Honolulu, Hawaii:University of Hawai'i Press。  new window
32.Waltner, Ann(2011)。Life and Letters: Reflections on Tanyangzi。Beyond Exemplar Tales: Women's Biography in Chinese History。Berkeley:University of California Press。  new window
33.Wu, Pei-yi(1992)。An Ambivalent Pilgrim to T'ai Shan in the Seveteenth Century。Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in China。Berkeley:University of California Press。  new window
34.Ahern, Emily Martin(1975)。The Power and Pollution of Chinese Women。Women in Chinese Society。Stanford, California:Stanford University Press。  new window
35.Ames, R.(1981)。Taoism and the androgynous ideal。Women in China: Current Directions in Historical Scholarship。Youngstown, NY:Philo。  new window
36.Pomeranz, Kenneth(1997)。Power, Gender, and Pluralism in the Cult of the Goddess of Taishan。Culture and State in Chinese History: Conventions, Accommodations and Critiques。Stanford:Stanford University Press。  new window
37.Shek, Richard(1987)。Chinese Millenarian Movements。Encyclopedia of Religion。New York:Macmillan。  new window
38.Watson, James L.(1985)。Standardizing the Gods: The Promotion of T'ien Hou (Empress of Heaven) Along the South Chinese Coast, 960-1960。Popular Culture in Late Imperial China。Berkeley:University of California Press。  new window
39.Seaman, Gary(1981)。The Sexual Politics of Karmic Retribution。The Anthropology of Taiwanese Society。California:Stanford University Press。  new window
40.Topley, Marjorie(1975)。Marriage Resistance in Rural Kwangtung。Women in Chinese Society。Stanford, CA:Stanford University Press。  new window
41.Naquin, S.(1992)。The Peking Pilgrimage to Miao-feng Shan: Religious Organizations and Sacred Site。進香。Berkeley:University of California Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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