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題名:彌爾之多數原則的正義
作者:黃苓嵐
校院名稱:輔仁大學
系所名稱:哲學研究所
指導教授:陳文團
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2003
主題關鍵詞:彌爾多數原則正義幸福效益主義J. S. MillMajority PrincipleJusticeHappinessGoodUtilitarianism
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關於這篇論文,主要探討的論題在於:多數是否能夠達到正義?也就是依照彌爾的多數原則,我們是否能夠獲致對正義的要求?他的正義原則是一種正義的體現,抑或是正義的背反?
整個論文擬以分成以下幾個步驟進行︰
首先,彌爾是如何發現多數原則與正義的關係。在這之中,我們必須先釐清彌爾所謂的多數原則的意義是什麼,多數原則在他的思想中如何被使用,它又是如何成為我們道德判斷的基礎。其次,再論述其多數原則的正義觀念,為彌爾而言,正義觀念是如何被解釋的?它又如何與我們的多數原則產生關聯?為何正義應該建基於多數原則之上,方為一理想的正義觀?
其次,在論述完彌爾之多數原則及其正義觀念之後,我們接著必須要探討的是,為何彌爾不採行其他的正義觀,而僅以多數原則的正義觀為其立論基礎?他是在怎樣的背景下形成多數原則正義的觀念?因此,在這個部分我們必須指出,彌爾思想的形成具有哪些基本要素與特徵?
最後,基於本論文之研究目的並非是站在一特定立場去為彌爾之理論進行辯護或批判,而是在於對其正義原則儘可能地進行一種客觀的檢證,以找出其是否可以作為解決倫理問題之妥善原則,因此,在論文的最後兩部份便必須進行兩項工作,一是先去找出此理論的困難,我們必須探究多數原則在作為道德判斷標準時,會產生哪些問題?以及多數原則的正義觀是否真的符應於我們對正義的要求?它的理論是否產生與正義要求相背反的地方?另一則是去檢視相應於其他的正義觀,彌爾的多數原則正義之理論價值何在?它之所以被廣泛地應用的理由為何?透過這兩個步驟而對多數原則有了較全面性的把握之後,再針對多數原則正義嘗試做出可能的修正,以使之更加符合正義的需求。是以,我們應該在此達致兩個目標,一是指出彌爾的多數原則和其他正義觀相比,具有什麼優越之處,以使我們將之視為最接近正義的表徵;其次,針對彌爾理論的錯誤與不健全,我們可以嘗試提出什麼改進,以使其更加符應於正義的要求。
陸、參考書目
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---- Auguste Comte and Positivism. London : Classic Books, 2000.
---- Autobiography. New York : The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., 1957.
---- Consideration on Representative Government. New York : Prometheus Books, 1991.
---- Dissertations & Discussions. New York : Haskell House Publishers, 1972.
---- Essays on Economics and Society. Toronto : Univ. of Toronto Press, 1967.
---- Essays on Equality, Law and Education. Toronto : Univ. of Toronto Press, 1984.
---- Essays on French History and Historians. Toronto : Univ. of Toronto Press, 1985.
---- Essays on Literature and Society. London : Classic Books, 2000.
---- Essays on Politics and Society. Toronto : Univ. of Toronto Press, 1976.
---- Essays on Some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy. London : Classic Books, 2000.
---- On Liberty. London : Penguin Books Press, 1974.
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---- Principles of Political Economy. Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press, 1994.
---- Sexual Equality. Toronto : Univ. of Toronto Press, 1994.
---- The Letters of John Stuart Mill, 2 Vol. H. S. R. Elliot ed. New York : International Law & Taxation Publishers, 2001.
---- The Logic of the Moral Sciences. Chicago : Open Court Publishing Company , 1988.
---- The Subjection of Women. London : MIT Press, 1970.
---- Three Essays on Religion : Nature, the Utility of Religion, Theism. New York : Prometheus Books., 1998.
---- Utilitarianism, ed. Roger Crisp. New York : Oxford Univ. Press, 1998.
---- Utilitarianism--With an Appendix of Speeches, ed. M. Kohno. Tokyo : The Hokuseido Press, 1936.
---- Utilitarianism, Liberty, and Representative Government. New York : E. P. Dutton and Company, Inc., 1951.
---- 《論自由》,程崇華譯,台北:唐山出版社,1986。
----《代議制政府》,汪瑄譯,北京:商務印書館,1982。
----《功用主義》,唐鉞譯,台北:台灣商務印書館,1976。
----《自傳》,陳蒼多譯,台北 : 新雨出版社,2001。
----《經濟學原理》,周憲文譯,台北:台灣銀行經濟研究室,1966。
----《穆勒名學》,嚴復譯,台北:台灣商務印書館,1965。
----《群己權界論》,嚴復譯,上海:商務印書館,1931。
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