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題名:政府的工業區治理與制度分析
作者:柯伯煦 引用關係
校院名稱:國立政治大學
系所名稱:地政研究所
指導教授:賴宗裕
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2012
主題關鍵詞:工業區政府治理博弈理論區位選址制度變遷
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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每一次開發工業區後的租售策略成敗,涉及政府對每一個企業設廠機會的掌握,使決策者採取恰好的策略,但這不容易。政府為了順利出售土地而採取價格補貼策略,在台南的實踐卻落入困境也需要進一步討論。緣此,本研究運用新制度經濟學的博弈理論觀點,解釋政府對工業區的治理,促進公私合作的條件是什麼?合作需要怎樣改變制度?而檢視各種制度之間的互補與替代關係是重要的。本研究目的,首先,解釋政府需要新的分工及策略,其次,運用博弈理論觀點解釋新策略的發現,再者,運用實證研究解釋企業實踐區位選址的策略,最後,提出政府可發展的新策略及引導企業的制度創新。本研究以台南科技工業區(南科工)為案例,將Hotelling模型延伸為空間博弈的情境,探討企業如何思考進駐南科工的決策?基於探討企業家的決策模式而採取質性研究方法,並且運用量化研究的AHP法,將企業家的決策因素進行權重分析及排序。
本研究的重要結論與發現,首先,政府在工業區治理的分工角色,是建立產業發展的遊戲規則,但它在挑選贏家策略是以高科技產業為目標,使得目標外的企業需求被忽略。其次,政府運用在工業區治理及租售的策略,關注在土地價格補貼策略,而忽略了非價格策略,進而使自身陷入租售困境。同時,政府策略確實會影響企業為了優化營運而選擇進駐南科工,而其中新舊顧客的成功轉換是改變區位的關鍵。再者,企業進駐南科工的選址策略,顯示企業追求規模的優化、運用制度互補來發展新機會、以及尋求產業價值鏈的垂直分工與技術進步,是重要的策略思維。在企業是否改變區位選址的策略與權重分析方面,區外企業維持原址,在於未意識到經濟動機及機會因素下的新利益,也忽略新制度可對應新市場機會。而企業選址進駐區內的策略,主要是經濟動機上十分重視潛在利益,也學會運用認證制度及結合政府資源來改造產品品質及形象。最後,受限於新機會出現的不確定性,區外企業的區位會更鄰近夥伴企業,形成地理群聚下的比較利益。而來自顧客的訂製要求、挑剔與議價,使他們發展良好的交貨承諾與執行能力,為大廠確保生產連續性而取得新訂單,這增強了他們的生存機會。本研究建議,政府可運用工業區制度結合相關認證制度,輔導區外企業成長,協助區內企業建立網際網路交易平台,新的制度安排及交易平台,為區外企業成長形成新的推力,企業更願意改變區位選擇進駐南科工與政府合作。這些新的討論與博弈理論的觀點,對於補充南科工的租售策略具有重要參考價值。
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