This article explores students’ translation errors in order to shed some light on the issues of the translation process and pave the way for new research which helps enhance the quality of translation teaching. Translation errors have long been considered performance which falls short of the ideal or something undesirable in student translation. However, research findings derived from subareas in second language acquisition such as contrast analysis and error analysis all indicate that errors are actually windows to students’ learning process. Analysis of different types of translation errors can provide us with evidence of how information of two different languages might be transformed in the students’ brain and with insights into the development of translation teaching. However, research in translation errors is an area that has long been neglected in Taiwan. Little is known about classifications and implications specifically refereeing to translation errors. Therefore, this research aims to conduct an error analysis of English into Chinese translations. The first step in the process of qualitative analysis was the collection and identification of a large number of translation errors made by college students through an online teaching platform. Once the errors were identified, the next step was to describe them adequately and to put them into a systematic typology. The results of this study indicated that all translation errors could be divided into three categories: language errors, rendition errors, and miscellaneous errors. And the college students made many more language errors than rendition errors. The final step was to determine the source of translation errors and evaluate possibilities of how to treat these errors in the translation classroom. It is hoped that a clear distinction of the nature and characteristics of these students’ translation errors could help to gain insight into the process of translation, the knowledge of which could be used and to minimize the occurrence of errors and provide pedagogical implications for translation instruction at the college level.