提　　要 臺灣的政治認同經歷了許多轉折，從日據時代開始，經過辛亥革命、抗日戰爭以 及國共內戰與白色恐怖等等，這使得在臺灣的五大族群的認同差異甚大，但臺灣人民 原生因素的共性甚大，建構因素也不小，因而並未造成重大的族群分裂與衝突。目 前，兩岸關係的發展，也對於臺灣的政治認同產生一些影響。 比利時的情況不同，比國是周邊大國的競技場，也因大國權力的運作組成國家， 由於原生因素差異甚大，其中尤以語言 為甚，再加上日益增大的經濟差異，可能導致 分裂的結果。就算如此，基於比國的民主根基，分裂也將會是和平協商的過程，這也 與兩岸的情況差異甚大。

Abstract Taiwan’ s political identity has undergone various changes. It starts from the Japanese occupation, through the 1911 Revolution, Sino-Japanese War, the civil war and the White Terror until the current democratic era. The result is the varied identities of the five of Taiwan’ s ethnic groups. Taiwanese people share a great sense common primordial factor and a solid foundation of constructive factors, serious ethnic divisions and conflicts did not occur. At the moment, the smooth development of the current cross-strait relations, also exerted some effects on Taiwan’ s national identity. In comparison, Belgium’ s situation is different. It neighbors severed major European powers, and was founded on the ground of their compromises. But regarding primary factor, the differences are great, especially in their national language. This could lead to the current split between the two ethnic groups when economic differences become divergent. Even so, based on their deep democratic roots, the possible division will be the outcome of peaceful negotiations. This perhaps makes the biggest difference when comparing Belgium to Taiwan’ s cross-strait relationship with China.