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題名：政治民主化與社會政策：探索政治制度對臺灣年金制度建構的影響
書刊名：臺大社會工作學刊
作者：施世駿 引用關係／葉羽曼
作者(外文)：Shi, Shih-jiunn／Yeh, Yu-man
出版日期：2011
卷期：23
頁次：頁47-91
主題關鍵詞：社會政策；國民年金；政治制度論；否決點；臺灣；Social policy；National pension insurance；Political Institutionalism；Veto point；Taiwan
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:402
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台灣自1990年代初開始國民年金的規劃與研議，期間歷經行政、立法部門、專家學者與社會團體的參與討論，最後在2007年通過法案。本文試圖從政治制度論的觀點，透視台灣民主化過程中年金政策決議過程的制度「否決點」形態，並且佐以文獻研究、次級資料分析、專家訪談等方式做為經驗資料的基礎，分析國民年金保險制度建立過程中，政治制度形態以及制度否決點的變化，如何影響國民年金政策的理念、利益與制度樣貌。我們發現在民主深化後的少數政府制度制約與朝野緊張的政治競爭下，國民年金的政策研擬深受多元化的政治與社會力量影響，導致政策不連續，甚至形成政治空轉的民主困境。從民主突破到民主深化的過程中，國民年金體現台灣政治制度的權力責任分散化，以及社會團體參與多元化的特性，雖然有助於不同理念的彼此爭辯，藉此凝聚較強的政策共識，但是卻也較易造成政策決議過程的擺盪。從民主轉型的政治制度與否決點面向分析出發，本文企圖提供日後研究台灣社會政策過程中的不同思考取徑，以及相關制度理論觀點對未來分析台灣社會福利政策的意涵。
Since 1990s, Taiwan has put National Pension Insurance scheme on the political agenda, and finalized the version in 2008 after decade-long discussions by various government mechanisms and many interest groups in Taiwan's civil society. This article seeks to employ the perspective of political institutionalism in order to identify the form of 'veto points' in the pension policymaking against the background of democratization. Based on the literature review, secondary data analysis, and expert interviews, we explore the impact of changing political institutions and institutional veto points on policy ideas, interests and institutional frameworks of the National Pension Insurance. The main finding is that, under the constraints of the minority government and political tensions between ruling and opposition parties during the democratic deepening phase (i.e. after year 2000), the policymaking process of the National Pension Insurance scheme has been bogged down by the interplay of pluralized, if not contradictory, political and social interests, leading to political impasse and policy fluctuations. In National Pension policy domain, we have witnessed fragmentary power relations in political institutions as well as pluralization of social interest intermediation. Although these changing contexts have indeed facilitated the contestation of different ideas conducive to the convergence of policy consensus, the result is that these contexts inevitably tended to precipitate inconsistent policy developments. The present study should demonstrate the explanatory power of political institutionalism and veto points in accounting for pension policy evolution within the context of democratic transformation, and offer rationales for the application of these theoretical viewpoints in the future research of social policy in Taiwan.
期刊論文
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3.唐文慧、葉書毓(20060600)。國民年金及勞退新制立法過程之比較：政體中心的觀點。研究臺灣，1，59-107。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.葉嘉楠(20050300)。政治制度對我國財政赤字的影響。中華人文社會學報，2，84-110。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.傅從喜(20070200)。從轉型國家與開發中國家年金改革經驗論臺灣年金體系的建構。臺灣社會福利學刊，5(2)，31-66。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.陳琇惠(20070500)。臺灣國民年金制度規劃的發展與挑戰--一項艱鉅社會工程的構築。社區發展季刊，116，85-97。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.李易駿(20051200)。臺灣地區國民年金規劃之探討：新社會風險觀點的初步分析。人文及社會科學集刊，17(4)，715-760。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Chow, Nelson W. S.(1987)。Western and Chinese Ideas of Social Welfare。International social Work，30(1)，31-41。  new window
9.王榮璋、黃淑芬、高珮瑾(20070500)。臺灣需要的國民年金制度。社區發展季刊，116，28-49。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.Jones, C.(1990)。Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan: Oikonomic Welfare States。Government and Opposition，25，446-462。  new window
11.Holliday, Ian(2000)。Productivist Welfare Capitalism: Social Policy in East Asia。Political Studies，48(4)，706-723。  new window
12.許振明、周麗芳、何金巡、林建甫(2001)。國民年金與政府財政負擔。臺灣經濟預測與政策，31(2)，67-90。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.Koelble, Thomas A.(1995)。The New Institutionalism in Political Science and Sociology。Comparative Politics，27(2)，231-243。  new window
14.Krasner, Stephen D.(19840100)。Review Article: Approaches to the State: Alternative Conceptions and Historical Dynamics。Comparative Politics，16(2)，223-246。  new window
15.王正(20030600)。經濟發展與社會福利：新力量與舊價值的困境。社區發展季刊，102，21-32。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.Immergut, Ellen M.(1998)。The Theoretical Core of the New Institutionalism。Politics & Society，26(1)，5-34。  new window
17.黃秀端(20031200)。少數政府在國會的困境。臺灣政治學刊，7(2)，3-49。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.劉宗欣、林恭正(20030300)。社會福利支出、國民年金與跨世代財政負擔。臺灣經濟預測與政策，33(2)，61-95。new window  延伸查詢new window
19.曾中明、姚惠文、鄭貴華(20070500)。我國國民年金之規劃歷程。社區發展季刊，116，11-27。new window  延伸查詢new window
20.李易駿、古允文(20031200)。另一個福利世界？東亞發展型福利體制初探。臺灣社會學刊，31，189-241。new window  延伸查詢new window
21.鄭清霞；鄭文輝(2005)。〈 我國社會保險被保險人財務負擔與政府補助之探討 〉。《 臺灣社會福利學刊 》，4(l)，5l-94。  延伸查詢new window
22.HolIiday(2005)。East Asian social policy in the wake of the financial crisis : Farewell to productivisim?。Policy and Politics，33(1)，145-162。  new window
23.Holliday, I.、Wilding, P. Eds.(2003)。Welfare capitalism in East Asia。Social policy in the tiger economies。  new window
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26.Ku, Y. W.、Finer, C. J.(2007)。Developments in East Asian welfare studies。Social Policy and Administration，41(2)，115-131。  new window
27.Kwon, Huck-ju(2005)。Transforming the developmental welfare state in East Asia。Development and Change，36(3)，477-497。  new window
28.Steinmo, S.、Tolbert, C. J.(1998)。Do institutions really matter? Taxation in industrialized democracies。Comparative Political Studies，31(2)，165-187。  new window
會議論文
1.何金巡；周麗芳(1999)。〈 國民年金與總體經濟 〉。嘉義。  延伸查詢new window
2.劉玉蘭；陳正民(2005)。〈 我國的國民年金規劃與未來展望 〉。嘉義。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.傅從喜(2005)。臺灣地區老人經濟安全方案與老人經濟資源去家庭化之分析 (計畫編號：NSC 93-2412-II-194-008)。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.李美賢(1989)。中華民國增額立法委員政治角色之研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.蔡宜縉(2008)。理念、利益與制度 : 台灣國民年金規劃的政治分析(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學，臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Ebbinghaus, Bernhard(2006)。Reforming Early Retirement in Europe, Japan and the USA。Oxford University Press。  new window
2.Mares, Isabela(2003)。The Politics of Social Risk: Business and Welfare State Development。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Bonoli, G.、Shinkawa, T.(2005)。Ageing and Pension Reform Around the World: Evidence From Eleven Countries。Cheltenham, UK：Northampton, MA：Edward Elgar。  new window
4.Kwon, Huck-ju(1999)。The Welfare State in Korea: The Politics of Legitimation。Basingstoke：Macmillan。  new window
5.Ko, Chyong Fang、Kyeung Mi Oh、Tetsuo Ogawa.(2007)。“Aging Population in East Asia: Impacts on Social Protection and Social Policy Reforms in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan.”。Lanham, MD：Rowman & Littlefield Publishers。  new window
6.許介麟(1989)。政黨政治的秩序與倫理。臺北：國家政策研究中心。  延伸查詢new window
7.Tsebelis, George(2002)。Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work。New York：Russell Sage Foundation Press。  new window
8.Huber, Evelyne、Stephens, John D.(2001)。Development and Crisis of the Welfare State: Parties and Policies in Global Markets。London：The University of Chicago Press。  new window
9.Scharpf, Fritz W.(1997)。Games Real Actors Play: Actor-centered Institutionalism in Policy Research。Westview Press。  new window
10.Pierson, Paul(1994)。Dismantling the welfare state? Reagan, Thatcher, and the politics of retrenchment。Cambridge University Press。  new window
11.行政院經濟建設委員會(1998)。國民年金制度委託研究報告彙編。  延伸查詢new window
12.Wong, Joseph(2004)。Healthy democracies: Welfare politics in Taiwan and South Korea。Ithaca, NY：Cornell University Press。  new window
13.Haggard, Stephan、Kaufman, Robert R.(2008)。Development, Democracy, and Welfare States: Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe。Princeton, New Jersey：Princeton University Press。  new window
14.Lynch, Julia(2006)。Age in the Welfare State: The Origins of Social Spending on Pensioners, Workers and Children。Cambridge University Press。  new window
15.Immergut, Ellen M.(1992)。Health Politics: Interests and Institutions in Western Europe。Cambridge University press。  new window
16.Peters, B. Guy(2005)。Institutional Theory in Political Science: The New Institutionalism。Continuum International Publishing。  new window
17.林萬億(19940000)。福利國家：歷史比較的分析。臺北：巨流。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.林國明(2001)。〈 民主化與社會政策的公共參與：全民健保的政策形成 〉。《 臺灣的社會福利運動 》。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
19.泛紫聯盟(2003)。《 泛紫主張 》。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
20.周麗芳、羅紀瓊、曾巨威、陳小紅、周國端(2001)。《 國民年金對政府財務及人民權益影響之研究 》。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
21.黃炎東(2008)。憲政思辨：我國中央政府體制發展方向之研究。臺北：五南。new window  延伸查詢new window
22.Immergut, E. M,、Anderson, K. M(2007)。Editors' introduction; The dynamic of pension politics。The handbook of Western European pension politics。New York, NY。  new window
23.盧政春(2004)。臺灣社會安全體系之問題與對策。臺北：行政院經濟建設委員會。  延伸查詢new window
24.Amenta, E.(2005)。Institutionalist and state-centric theories of political sociology。The handbook of political sociology: States, civil societies, and globalization。Cambridge, England。  new window
25.Aspalter, C.(2001)。Conservative welfare state systems in Eact Asia Westport。CT。  new window
26.Bonoli, G.(2000)。The politics of pension reform : Institutions and policy change in Western Europe。Cambridge, England。  new window
27.Bonoli, G.(2001)。Politica Institutions, veto points, and the process of welfare state adaptation。The new politics of the welfare state。Oxford, England。  new window
28.Chen, H. H.(2005)。Universal values versus political ideology : The virtual reform experience of Taiwan's national pension plan。Ageing matters: European policy lessons from the East。Aldershot, England。  new window
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30.Lin, C. W.(2005)。Pension reform in Taiwan : The old and the new politics of welfare。Ageing and pension reform around the world: Evidence from eleven countries。Cheltenham, England：Edward Elgar。  new window
31.Lin, K.(1999)。Confucian welfare cluster : A cultural interpretation of social welfare。Unpublished dissertation。Tampere, Finland。  new window
32.Shi, S. J.(2010)。The fragmentation of the old-age security system : The politics of pension reform in Taiwan。Social cohesion in greater China : challenges for social policy and governance。Singapore。  new window
33.Tang, Kwong-leung(1998)。Colonial state and social policy : Social welfare development in Hong Kong 1842-1997。Lanham, MD：University Press of America。  new window
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圖書論文
1.White, G.、Goodman, R.(1998)。Welfare Orientalism and the search for an East Asian welfare model。The East Asian Welfare Model: Welfare Orientalism and the State。London：Routledge。  new window
2.傅立葉(1994)。台灣社會福利體系的階層化效果初探。台灣社會的民眾意向：社會科學的分析。台北：中央研究院中山人文社會科學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
3.Kitschelt, Herbert(2001)。Partisan Competition and Welfare State Retrenchment: When Do Politicians Choose Unpopular Policies?。The New Politics of the Welfare State。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
4.Jones, Catherine(1993)。The Pacific Challenge: Confucian Welfare States。New Perspectives on the Welfare State in Europe。Routledge。  new window
5.Thelen, Kathleen、Steinmo, Sven(1992)。Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics。Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis。Cambridge University Press。  new window
6.傅立葉(20000000)。老年年金、政黨競爭與選舉。臺灣的社會福利運動。臺北市：巨流。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.Ku, Yeun-Wen(2001)。To be or not to be a Taiwanese welfare state: Lessons from recent experience。Comparing the Social Policy Experience of Britain and Taiwan。Aldershot, England：Ashgate。  new window
8.Rockman, B. A.、Weaver, K. R.(1993)。Assessing the Effects of Institutions。Do Institutions Matter?: Government Capabilities in the United States and Abroad。Washington, DC：Brookings Institution Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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