The four main characters in Chen Shou's "Biography of Lu Bu and ZangHong" are Lu Bu, Zhang Miao, Chen Deng and Zang Hong. Traditionally,scholars have taken issue with this biography on two accounts: first, Lu Buand Zang Hong's behavior and fate are very different and therefore should notbe bundled together in a collective biography; second, the persons discussedin the biography could easily be incorporated into other biographies, eliminating the need for this one.This paper attempts to identify Chen Shou's intention behind this collective biography by looking at the 'how' and 'why' of its composition. It is found that Chen Rong's remark at the end of the biography is the true intent for writing it: "Benevolence and decency are not always eternal. The true gentleman practices them, but the common man abandons them."Chen Shou used several traditional forms of rhetoric to show the "benevolence and decency" which Lu Bu and Zhang Miao "abandoned" butwhich Chen Deng and Zang Hong "practiced." Chen contrast of these twopairs highlights his central thought of "benevolence and decency."Chen Shou's emphasis of "benevolence and decency" in this biographymay be similar to the trend of learned persons valuing righteousness commonin the end of Han dynasty, something that highly influenced his thought. Thus benevolence and decency naturally find a high rung on his value list. We may have reason to assume that the whole purpose behind making this a separate biography was to highlight the importance of these two virtues. Of people who abandoned them such as Lu Bu and Zhang Miao, Chen Shou stated, "This kind of person was always killed off since ancient times"; of peoplewho practice them such as Chen Deng and Zang Hong, he lamented "Their work was not finished," "They had yet to realized their strong ambition," and" What a pity!" It is clear that the praise and blame writing style common in the Spring and Autumn Annals is being employed here