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題名：重新檢視瓦特的聯盟理論
書刊名：問題與研究
作者：陳麒安
作者(外文)：Chen, Chi-an
出版日期：2014
卷期：53:3
頁次：頁87-115
主題關鍵詞：權力平衡；威脅平衡；扈從利益；推卸責任；Balance of power；Balance of threat；Bandwagoning for profit；Buck-passing
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相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:3
  • 共同引用共同引用:66
  • 點閱點閱:117
國際關係學者瓦特（Stephen M. Walt）曾提出以「威脅平衡」概念為主的聯盟理論，挑戰了現實主義內部關於「權力平衡」的論點，後來又有學者提出「利益平衡」與「推卸責任」的論述加以反駁。經由本文的探討與重新檢視，這些學者爭論的焦點在於「制衡」與「扈從」概念上的界定。由於學界對於「扈從」在理論解釋與個案運用上的解讀不同，其實際上涵蓋了積極扈從（順從）與消極扈從（屈從）兩種相反的概念，吾人若僅從「制衡」與「扈從」兩種分類便欲判斷何者在國際關係中較為盛行，則易因立場不同而產生不必要的歧異。 整體而言，瓦特的聯盟理論觀點吸納了其他學派的論述，因而增強了理論的解釋能力。但瓦特對若干詞彙與概念的模糊界定，並忽略了國家之間為了戰略利益而積極合作形成聯盟的可能性，確實也減損了其理論的完善。
Stephen M. Walt proposed his theory of alliances, focusing mainly on the concept of balance-of-threat. His statement challenged the prevailing concept of balance-of-power theory of traditional realism, thereby receiving criticizisms of “balance-of-interest” and “buck-passing.” This article reexamines the debates, and finds out that the major controversy is in fact how to circumscribe “balancing” and “bandwagoning”. When using the concept of “bandwagoning”, scholars take different standing points on its definition and usage both in theory and practice. In fact, the concept of “bandwagoning” contains positive and negative connotations. Because of such, the concept turns out to raise unnecessary disputes. According to this article, the author concludes that Walt’s proposition on the theory of alliances contains the statements from other schools, which can strengthen his theory’s explanatory power. Nevertheless, in addition to Walt’s ambiguous definition on some terms and ideas, his neglect of the possibility that states may form alliances positively for strategic interest, did weaken the accuracy of his theory.
期刊論文
1.Wither,James(200603)。An Endangered Partnership: The Anglo-American Defence Relationship in the Early Twenty-first Century。European Security，15(1)，47-65。  new window
2.Keohane, Robert O.(1988)。Alliances, Threats, and the Use of Neorealism。International Security，13(1)，169-176。  new window
3.Walt, Stephen(1997)。Why Alliances Endure or Collapse。Survival，39(1)，156-179。  new window
4.Walt, Stephen M.(2009)。Alliances in a Unipolar World。World Politics，61(1)，86-120。  new window
5.楊仕樂(2009)。重建威脅理論與臺灣大陸政策的案例研究1993-2005。亞太研究通訊，7，103-128。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Fiammenghi, Davide(2011)。The Security Curve and the Structure of International Politics: A Neorealist Synthesis。International Security，35(4)，126-154。  new window
7.Grigorescu, Alexandria(200809)。East and Central European countries and the Iraq War: The Choice between 'Soft Balancing' and 'Soft Bandwagoning'。Communist and Post-Communist Studies，41(3)，281-299。  new window
8.He, Kai(2012)。Undermining Adversaries: Unipolarity, Threat Perception, and Negative Balancing Strategies after the Cold War。Security Studies，21(2)，154-191。  new window
9.He, Kai、Feng, Huiyun(200804)。I Not Soft Balancing, Then What? Reconsidering Soft Balancing and U.S. Policy Toward China。Security Studies，17(2)，363-395。  new window
10.Lai, Brian、Morey, Daniel S.(200610)。Impact of Regime Type on the Influence of U.S. Foreign Aid。Foreign Policy Analysis，2(4)，385-404。  new window
11.Lebovic, James H.(200403)。Unity in Action: Explaining Alignment Behavior in the Middle East。Journal of Peace Research，41(2)，167-189。  new window
12.Ripsman, Norrin M.、Levy, Jack S.(2008)。Wishful Thinking or Buying Time? The Logic of British Appeasement in the 1930s。International Security，33(2)，148-181。  new window
13.Rynning, Sten、Ringsmose, Jens(2008)。Why Are Revisionist States Revisionist? Reviving Classical Realism as an Approach to Understanding International Change。International Politics，45(1)，19-39。  new window
14.Whiteneck, Daniel J.(2001)。Long-term Bandwagoning and Short-term Balancing: The Lessons of Coalition Behaviour from 1792 to 1815。Review of International Studies，27(2)，151-168。  new window
15.王元綱(20031200)。樂觀的現實主義：國際關係守勢現實主義之評析。國際關係學報，18，41-58。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.Miller, Paul D.(201210)。Five Pillars of American Grand Strategy。Survival，54(5)。  new window
17.Schweller, Randall L.(2004)。Unanswered Threats: A Neoclassical Realist Theory of Underbalancitig。International Security，29(2)，159-201。  new window
18.Schweller, Randall L.(1996)。Neorealism's Status-Quo Bias: What Security Dilemma?。Security Studies，5(3)，90-121。  new window
19.Waltz, Kenneth Neal(1996)。International Politics is Not Foreign Policy。Security Studies，6(1)，54-57。  new window
20.Snyder, Glenn H.(1990)。Alliance Theory: A Neorealist First Cut。Journal of International Affairs，44(1)，103-123。  new window
21.Jervis, Robert(1978)。Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma。World Politics，30(2)，167-214。  new window
22.Legro, Jeffrey W.、Moravcsik, Andrew(1999)。Is Anybody Still a Realist?。International Security，24(2)，5-55。  new window
23.Walt, Stephen(1985)。Alliance Formation and Balance of World Power。International Security，9(4)，3-43。  new window
24.Sweeney, Kevin、Fritz, Paul(2004)。Jumping on the Bandwagon: An Interest-Based Explanation for Great Power Alliances。The Journal of Politics，66(2)，428-449。  new window
25.Labs, Eric J.(1992)。Do Weak States Bandwagon?。Security Studies，1(3)，383-416。  new window
26.Brooks, Stephen G.、Wohlforth, William C.(2005)。Hard Times for Soft Balancing。International Security，30(1)，72-108。  new window
27.Russett, Bruce M.(1971)。An Empirical Typology of International Military Alliances。Midwest Journal of Political Science，15(2)，262-289。  new window
28.Mearsheimer, John J.(1990)。Back to the Future: Instability in Europe After the Cold War。International Security，15(1)，5-56。  new window
29.Wendt, Alexander E.(1992)。Anarchy is What States Make of It: the Social Construction of Power Politics。International Organization，46(2)，391-425。  new window
30.Brooks, Stephen G.(1997)。Dueling Realisms。International Organization，51(3)，445-477。  new window
31.Schweller, Randall L.(1994)。Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In。International Security，19(1)，72-107。  new window
32.Waltz, Kenneth N.(1997)。Evaluating Theories。American Political Science Review，91(4)，913-917。  new window
33.Art, Robert J.、Brooks, Stephen G.、Wohlforth, William C.、Lieber, Keir A.、Alexander, Gerard(2005)。Correspondence: Striking the Balance。International Security，30(3)，177-196。  new window
34.Lieber, Keir A.、Alexander, Gerard(2005)。Waiting for Balancing: Why the World Is Not Pushing Back。International Security，30(1)，109-139。  new window
35.Pape, Robert Anthony(2005)。Soft Balancing Against the United States。International Security，30(1)，7-45。  new window
36.Paul, T. V.(2005)。Soft Balancing in the Age of U.S. Primary。International Security，30(1)，46-71。  new window
37.包宗和(20031200)。現實主義之自我論辯及其與批判理論間之解構與建構。國際關係學報，18，1-18。new window  延伸查詢new window
38.鄭端耀(20030300)。國際關係攻勢與守勢現實主義理論爭辯之評析。問題與研究，42(2)，1-21。new window  延伸查詢new window
39.Walt, Stephen, M.(1988)。Testing Theories of Alliance Formation: The Case of Southwest Asia。International Organization，42(2)，275-316。  new window
圖書
1.Broers, Michael(1996)。Europe Under Napoleon 1799-1815。New York：St. Martin's Press。  new window
2.Deibel, Terry L.(2007)。Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Hansen, Birthe、Toft, Peter、Wivel, Anders(2009)。Security Strategies and American World Order: Lost Power。New York:：Routledge。  new window
4.Jebb, Cindy R.(2004)。Bridging the Gap: Ethnicity, Legitimacy, and State Alignment in the International System。Lanham, MD：Lexington Books。  new window
5.Mearsheimer, John J.、Walt, Stephen M.(2007)。The Israel Lobby and U. S. Foreign Policy。New York：Farrar, Straus and Giroux。  new window
6.Miglietta, John P.(2002)。American Alliance Policy in the Middle East, 1945-1992: Iran, Israel, and Saudi Arabia。Lanham, MD：Lexington Books。  new window
7.Uslu, Nasuh(2003)。The Turkish-American Relationship between 1947 and 2003: The History of a Distinctive Alliance。New York：Nova Science。  new window
8.Gheciu, Alexandra(2005)。NATO in the "New Europe": The Politics of International Socialization after the Cold War。Stanford, Calif.：Stanford University Press。  new window
9.Waltz, Kenneth N.(1979)。Theory of International Politic。Reading, Mass：Addison-Wesley Pub. Co。  new window
10.He, Kai(2009)。Institutional Balancing in the Asia Pacific: EconomicInterdependence and China's Rise。Oxon：Routledge Taylor Francis Group。  new window
11.Brown, Michael E.、Cote, Owen R. Jr.、Lynn-Jones, Sean M.、Miller, Steven E.(2004)。Offense, Defense and War。Cambridge, Mass.：MIT Presse。  new window
12.Schroeder, Paul W.(1994)。The Transformation of European Politics, 1763-1848。Oxford University Press。  new window
13.Wendt, Alexander E.(1999)。Social Theory of International Politics。Cambridge：Harvard University Press。  new window
14.Layne, Christopher(2006)。The Peace of Illusions: American Grand Strategy from 1940 to the Present。Cornell University Press。  new window
15.Walt, Stephen M.(1987)。The Origins of Alliances。Cornell University Press。  new window
16.Keohane, Robert O.(1989)。International Institutions and State Power: Essays in International Relations Theory。Westview Press。  new window
17.Van Evera, Stephen(1999)。Causes of War: Power and The Roots of Conflict。Cornell University Press。  new window
18.Mearsheimer, John J.、Alterman, G.(2001)。The Tragedy of Great Power Politics。W. W. Norton & Company。  new window
19.Walt, Stephen M.(2005)。Taming American Power: The Global Response to U.S. Primacy。W. W. Norton & Company。  new window
其他
1.The Role of Foreign Aid in Development，http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/0xx/doc8/foraid.pdf， 2013/03/20。  new window
圖書論文
1.Barnett, Michael N.(1996)。Identity and Alliances in the Middle East。The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics。New York：Columbia University Press。  new window
2.Bergsmann, Stefan(2001)。The Concept of Military Alliance。Small States and Alliances。Physica-Verlag。  new window
3.Walt, Stephen M.(1994)。Collective Security and Revolutionary Change: Promoting Peace in the Fornier Soviet Union。Collective Security beyond the Cold War。Ann Arbor：The University of Michigan Press。  new window
4.Walt, Stephen M.(2002)。Keeping the World Off-Balance: Self-Restraint and U.S. Foreign Policy。America Unrivaled: The Future of the Balance of Power。Cornell University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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