On the Road is a musical play production of the Taipei National Concert Hall performed in 2010 in collaboration with Aboriginal musicians. With combinations of various distinct elements, this musical has hybrid features. Focusing on the performance of contemporary Aboriginal songs in this musical, I examine concepts of the musical modernity of Taiwanese Aborigines and the Aborigines’ responses to modernity. I argue that beneath the simple plot of the musical about how a Han-Taiwanese musician brought the Aboriginal musicians to perform at the Hall, there is another story being narrated through the performance of the songs. This hidden story is an Aboriginal musical story spanning the time from the period of Japanese colonial rule (1895-1945), when Westernized school songs (shoka) were introduced into Aboriginal society, to recent years when Aboriginal musicians have achieved recognition in Taiwan’s music industry. This story shows not only the objectification and institution-alization of Aboriginal music enabled by Western musical techniques, but also an articulation of aboriginality as a response to modernity. I will provide a description of the musical play, and then discuss works by the Puyuma musician Baliwakes used in it. Finally, I examine issues related to musical modernity and aboriginality, and rethink methodologies in studies about music and culture. I use an “articulation” framework in this study, and focus my discussion on the performance as the primary mechanism connecting various distinct elements. By so doing, I aim to provide a musicological reading of cultural meaning, and consider possibilities of articulating approaches of musicology and that of social sciences and humanities.