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題名：客家族群的社會資本：實證調查結果的初步觀察
書刊名：客家公共事務學報
作者：丘昌泰
作者(外文)：Chiou, Chang-tay
出版日期：2010
卷期：創刊號
頁次：頁1-28
主題關鍵詞：客家；社會資本；社會信任；社會網絡；社會參與；Hakka；Social capital；Social trust；Social networks；Social participation
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:118
  • 點閱點閱:4
一般客家研究者對於客家族群的評價是：性格閉塞、態度消極的保守族群，乃是台灣社會中沒有聲音且自我隱形的族群；換言之，他們是一群欠缺社會資本的少數族群。本文將社會資本界定為社會網絡、社會參與、社會信任三個面向，探討下述問題：相對於其他族群而言，客家人是否比較欠缺緊密的社會網絡？是否比較疏於社會參與？是否欠缺政治安全感，因而對於統治階層的信任感普遍高於其他族群？本研究主要係來自2003至2005年，國立台北大學民意與選舉研究中心針對台灣地區、北高兩直轄市及桃竹苗地區所從事的三項社會資本調查。本研究發現：客家族群呈現的社會資本特徵是：一、相較於其他族群，其確實欠缺鑲嵌於資源豐富的現代社會網絡，唯宗親會或同鄉會所代表的傳統社會網絡成為重要的社會網絡型態，以致於形成內聚型的社會資本型態；二、相較於其他族群，客家人的確欠缺參與社會團體的奉獻熱誠，但對於投票活動則有高度的參與感；三、除政府官員操守指標，其他兩項指標：決策能力與經費運用合理性，都顯示客家人對於政府信任度明顯高於其他族群。從上述三項初步研究結果來看顯示客家族群的保守與隱形性格，相當符合一般客家研究者與文史工作者的看法，但仍有不少例外現象值得繼續探究。
The aim of this paper is to explore the social capital of Hakka ethnics through a series of empirical surveys conducted during 2003-2005. After making a comprehensive review of relevant literature by Putnam (1993), Norris (2001), Lin (2001), World Value Survey (2001), and International Conference on Social Capital Measurement (2002), the Social Capital Scaling Measurement for Hakka Ethnics (SCSMHE) is constructed for the exploratory investigation. The SCSMHE contains three dimensions of social capital, i.e., social network, trust, and participation. Each dimension is measured by a number of attitude scaling questionnaires. The sample of each survey is systematically selected from family telephone population in Taiwan area. The research found out that: comparing to other ethnics in Taiwan society, Hakka demonstrates a passive and conservative orientation to involve social groups and networks. "Ancestor and relative association" is the most frequently involved in the number of forms of social participation as mentioned in Taiwan society. Bonding, not bridging, social capital is the typical pattern in Hakka society. The empirical investigation also revealed that Hakka ethnics are not active in the social participation of politics. However, it does not include voting behavior. On the contrarily, comparing to other ethnics, Hakka people are very active to involve voter activities to exchange the safety of political status in confronting struggle in Taiwan party politics.
期刊論文
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2.Foley, Michael W.、Edwards, Bob(1999)。Is it Time to Disinvest in Social Capital?。Journal of Public Policy，19(2)，141-173。  new window
3.丘昌泰、張翰璧、鄭曉峰(20060600)。2004年桃竹苗地區客家族群的社會文化調查報告。客家研究，1，183-209。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.丘昌泰(20060600)。臺灣客家族群的自我隱形化行為：顯性與隱性客家人的語言使用與族群認同。客家研究，1，45-96。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.Coate, S.、Ravallion, M.(1993)。Reciprocity without commitment: Characterization and performance of informal insurance arrangements。Journal of Development Economics，40，1-24。  new window
6.Putnam, Robert D.(1996)。Who killed civic America?。Prospect，7(24)，66-72。  new window
7.林南(20010000)。社會資本：爭鳴的範式和實證的檢驗。香港社會學學報，2，1-38。  延伸查詢new window
8.Hanifan, Lyda J.(1916)。The Rural School Community Center。The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science，67(1)，130-138。  new window
9.Burt, Ronald S.(1997)。The Contingent Value of Social Capital。Administrative Science Quarterly，42(2)，339-365。  new window
10.Coleman, James S.(1988)。Social capital in the creation of human capital。American Journal of Sociology，94(suppl.)，S95-S120。  new window
會議論文
1.丘昌泰(2004)。臺灣客家族群的政治信任。「傳統與現代的客家：兩岸客家學術」研討會，國立中央大學客家社會文化研究所與客家學院所（主辦） 。桃園縣。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.楊文山(2004)。全國客家人口基礎資料調查研究。臺北市：行政院客家委員會。  延伸查詢new window
2.Barr, A.(1998)。Enterprise performance and the functional diversity of social capital。Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics。  new window
圖書
1.Gambetta, D.(1988)。Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations。Basil Blackwell。  new window
2.Lin, Nan、Cook, Karen S.、Burt, Ronald S.(2001)。Social Capital: Theory and research。New York：Aldine de Gruyter。  new window
3.Sztompka, Piotr(1999)。Trust: A Sociological Theory。Cambridge, Massachusetts：Cambridge University Press。  new window
4.丘昌泰(2004)。桃竹苗客家地區社會變遷調查報告。臺北：臺北大學民意與選舉研究中心。  延伸查詢new window
5.Durkheim, Émile、Simpson, George(1933)。The Division of Labor in Society。Free Press。  new window
6.Field, John(2003)。Social Capital。Routledge。  new window
7.Fukuyama, Francis、張美惠(2000)。跨越斷層：人性與社會秩序重建。臺北：時報文化出版社。  延伸查詢new window
8.Bourdieu, P.、Wacquant, Loïc J. D.(1992)。An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology。The University of Chicago Press。  new window
9.Misztal, B.(1996)。Trust in Modern Societies。Cambridge：Polity Press。  new window
10.丘昌泰(2003)。臺灣地區民眾的社會資本調查報告。臺北：國立臺北大學民意與選舉研究中心。  延伸查詢new window
11.施正鋒(2004)。臺灣客家族群政策與政治。臺北：財團法人新新臺灣文化教育基金會。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.徐正光(2002)。臺灣客家族群史：社會篇。南投市：臺灣省文獻委員會。  延伸查詢new window
13.Bott, Elizabeth(1957)。Family and social network。London：Tavistock。  new window
14.Coleman, J.(1961)。Adolescent society: the social life of the teenager and its impact on education。New York：The Free Press。  new window
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16.Coleman, J.、Campbell, E.、Hobson, C.、McPartland, J.、Mood, A.、Weinfeld, F.、York, R.(1966)。Equality educational opportunity。Washington, DC：United States Government Printing Office。  new window
17.Dasgupta, Partha、Serageldin, Ismail(2000)。Social capital: A multifaceted perspective。Washington, DC：The World Bank。  new window
18.De Tocqueville, A.(1832)。Democracy in America。New York：Harper。  new window
19.Ellison, R.(1990)。Invisible man。New York：Vintage。  new window
20.Fine, B.(2000)。Social capital vs. social theory: Political economy and social science at the turn of the millennium。London：Routledge。  new window
21.Fox, A.(1974)。Beyond contract: Work power and trust relations。London：Faber and Faber。  new window
22.Halpem, D.(2005)。Social capital。Cambridge：Polity Press。  new window
23.Hanifan, L. J.(1920)。The community center。Boston, Massachusetts：Silver, Burdett & Company。  new window
24.Lin, N.(2000)。Social capital: A theory of social structure and actions。Cambridge University Press。  new window
25.Narayan, D.(2000)。Can anyone hear us? Voices of the poor。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
26.Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(2001)。The well-being of nations: The role of human and social capital。Paris：Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development。  new window
27.Fukuyama, Francis(1995)。Trust: the Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity。The Free Press。  new window
28.Putnam, Robert D.、Leonardi, Robert、Nanetti, Raffaella Y.(1993)。Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy。Princeton University Press。  new window
29.Putnam, Robert D.(2000)。Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community。Simon & Schuster。  new window
其他
1.Jacques, M.(2002)。The age of selfishness。  new window
2.Norris, P.(2001)。Making democracies work: Social capital and civic engagement in 47 societies，http://ksghome.harvard.edu/-pnorris.shorenstein.ksg/ACROBAT/ESFSocialcapital.pdf。  new window
3.Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(2002)。The international conference on social capital measurement，http://www.Oecd.org。  new window
圖書論文
1.Serageldin, Ismail、Grootaert, Christiaan(2000)。Defining Social Capital: An Integrating View。Social capital: A Multifaceted Perspective。Washington, DC：The World Bank。  new window
2.Turner, Jonathan H.(2000)。The Formation of Social Capital。Social Capital: A Multifaceted Perspective。Washington, DC：The World Bank。  new window
3.Luhmann, Niklas(1988)。Familiarity, confidence, trust: Problems and alternatives。Trust: Making and breaking cooperative relations。Basil Blackwell。  new window
4.徐正光(2002)。序：塑造臺灣社會新秩序。徘徊於族群和現實之間：客家社會與文化（序）。臺北：正中書局。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.徐正光、鄭力軒(2002)。當代臺灣客家社會生活。臺灣客家族群史：社會篇。臺灣省文獻委員會。  延伸查詢new window
6.彭欽清(2002)。臺灣客家社團之發展。臺灣客家族群史：社會篇。臺中：國史館臺灣文獻館。  延伸查詢new window
7.Krishna, A.(2000)。Creating and harnessing social capital。Social capital: A multifaceted perspective。Washington, DC：The World Bank。  new window
8.Ostrom, E.(2000)。Social capital: A fad or a fundamental concept?。Social capital: A multifaceted perspective。Washington, DC：The World Bank。  new window
9.Schuller, T.、Baron, S.、Field, J.(2000)。Social capital: A review and critique。Social capital: Critical perspectives。Oxford University Press。  new window
10.Stiglitz, J. E.(2000)。Formal and informal institutions。Social capital: A multifaceted perspective。Washington, DC：The World Bank。  new window
11.Streeten, P.(2002)。Reflections on social and antisocial capital。Social capital and economic development。Cheltenham：Edward Elgar。  new window
 
 
 
 
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