This study examines the job satisfaction of nurses specifically in relation to their work environments and analyzes factors influencing nurses' perspectives regarding their work environments. To align the management of medical institutions with employees' needs and to promote service quality and effectiveness, the study results provide a reference for hospital administrators to formulate relevant policy. Taking a medical center in the south of Taiwan as the case study, the study uses the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index to measure nurses' job satisfaction levels. In total, 1455 nurses met the inclusion criteria, and 740 questionnaires were retrieved, meaning that 740 valid samples were collected. The effective response rate was 51%. Descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and factor analysis were used to identify influencing factors. The study highlighted significant differences in overall satisfaction (p < .05) between the survey, which included nurses of different ages, work units, ability levels, academic qualifications, and job titles, and the individual variables of the one-way analysis of variance. A positive working environment may determine a hospital's ability to retain nurses, and improved performance evaluation results can in turn improve the quality of medical institutions. Moreover, such development is sustainable.