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題名：國小教師控制信念､工作壓力､與生涯發展之相關研究
書刊名：初等教育學報
作者：張進上
出版日期：1992
卷期：5
頁次：頁33-89
主題關鍵詞：工作壓力；生涯發展；信念；國小；控制；教師
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(11) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:11
  • 共同引用共同引用:213
  • 點閱點閱:53
本研究主要目的在於探討國小教師控制信念、工作壓力、工作滿意、工作氣氛、與生涯發展的相關情形，以十二個控制變項與五個效標變項的典型相關。經抽取雲嘉南地區國小教師1020位樣本為研究對象，並以自編之「國小教師控制信含量表」、「國小教師工作壓力量表」、「國小教師工作氣氧量表」、「國小教師工作滿意量表」、及生涯發展為評量之具，以典型相關分析及多元逐步迴歸分析之統計方法進行資料分析，主要結果如下: 一、 量表之編制結果: 第一、國小教師工作壓力量表，共有四個因素組合而成，分別是:行政支持、學生管理、工作負擔、同事關係等四方面的壓力，具有良好的信度與效度，本量表能有效的說明工作壓力變異量百分之五十一。 第二、國小教師控制信念量表，由四個因素組合而成，分別為:安逸信念、權威信念、失敗信念、依賴信念。以外控為計分方向，分數愈高愈為外控。具有良好的信度和效度，符合原創者的理論架構。本量表可解釋控制信念變異量百分之四十一。 二、 調查研究結果發現: 第一、在典型相關分析的統計結果發現;在男性教師的典型因素結構中，共有四個有意義典型因素，控制變項透過此四個典型因素，可解釋效標變異百分之十九。女性教師部份亦發現有四個有統計意義的變項，控制變項透過此四個典型因素說明效標變異百分之二十七。以全體教師而言，亦發現四個典型因素，可解釋效標變異百分之二十一。 第二、在迴歸分析研究結果發現;影響國小教師生涯發展各層面中，最主要的因素男女教師不甚相同;就男教師而言，主要為工作滿意、控制信念、學生管理、與教學年資，就女生而言，工作壓力、工作滿意、工作氣氛、及控制信念。整體而言，各影響因素因性別之不同而有差異。 依據上述的研究結果，本研究提出若干在師範學院、教育行政機構、國小教師、輔導及未來研究有關的建議 ，供有關單位參考。
The major purpose of this study was to understand elementary school teachers career development and to investigate its relations with twelve personal and work situation variables. The scale of career development, locus of control, and occupational stress on elementary school teachers were investigated, and a canonical correlation analysis and a stepwise regression analysis based on 1020 subjects were conducted. The data analysis revealed that the school teachers’ scores on career development scale were significantly related to the teachers’ scores on locus of control and occupational stress. Significant canonical correlations between control variables and criterion variables were found. More then five, regressional variables were significant predictors for teachers’ career development in each subgroup. The Teachers’ Occupational Stress Scale and Locus of Control Scale can be assessed the elementary school teachers effectively in this study. Results were discussed in terms of their implications and recommendation were mentioned for the teachers college, for the education administration institution, and for the further study.
期刊論文
1.Pines, A.、Kafry, D.(1978)。Occupational tedium in the social services。Social Work，23(6)，499-507。  new window
2.Cohen, S.、Wills, T. A.(1985)。Stress, social support, and buffering hypothesis。Psychological Bulletin，98(2)，310-357。  new window
3.Super, D. E.(1969)。Vocational development theory: Persons, positions, and processes。The Counseling Psychologist，1(1)，2-9。  new window
4.Fineman, S.(1979)。A psychosocial model of stress and its application to managerial unemployment。Human Relations，32(4)，323-345。  new window
5.Martin, T. N.、Schermerhorn, J. R. Jr.(1983)。Work and nonwork influence on health: a research agenda using inability to leave as a critical variable。Academy of Management Review，8(4)，650-659。  new window
6.Etzion, D.(1984)。Moderating effect of social support on the stress-burnout relationship。Journal of Applied Psychology，69(4)，615-622。  new window
7.Maher, E. L.(1983)。Burnout and commitment: A theoretical alternative。Personnel and Guidance Journal，61(7)，390-393。  new window
8.Albertson, L. M.、Kagan, D. M.(1987)。Occupational stress among teachers。Journal of Research and Development in Education，21(1)，69-75。  new window
9.Maslach, C.(1978)。The client role in staff burnout。Journal of Social Issues，34(4)，111-124。  new window
10.Jackson, Susan E.、Schwab, Richard L.、Schuler, Randall S.(1986)。Toward an understanding of the burnout phenomenon。Journal of Applied Psychology，71(4)，630-640。  new window
11.Beehr, T. A.、Newman, J. E.(1978)。Job Stress, Employee Health and Organizational Effectiveness: A Factor Analysis, Model and Literature Review。Personnel Psychology，31(4)，665-699。  new window
12.Hartman, B. W.、Fuqua, D. R.、Blum, C. R.(1985)。A path-analytic model of career indecision。Vocational Guidance Quarterly，33(3)，231-240。  new window
13.Rotter, J. B.(1966)。Generalized Expectancies for Internal Versus External Control of Reinforcement。Psychological Monographs: General and Applied，80(1)=609，1-28。  new window
14.Kyriacou, Chris、Sutcliffe, John(1978)。Teacher stress: Prevalence, sources, and symptoms。British Journal of Educational Psychology，48(2)，159-167。  new window
15.House, James S.(1974)。Occupational stress and coronary heart disease: A review and theoretical integration。Journal of Health and Social Behavior，15(1)，12-27。  new window
16.Wangberg, E. G.(1982)。Helping teachers cope with stress。Educational Leadership，39(6)，452-454。  new window
17.Belcastro, R. A.、Gold, R. S.(1983)。Teacher stress and burnout: Implication for school health personnel。Journal of School Health，53(7)，404-407。  new window
18.Walsh, D.(1979)。Classroom stress and teacher burnout。Phi Delta Kappan，61，1-15。  new window
19.Fuqua, D. R.、Hartman, B. W.(1983)。A behavioral index of career indecision for college students。Journal of College Student Personnel，24(6)，507-512。  new window
20.張進上(19910900)。師院生學習適應與生計發展取向之縱貫研究。初等教育學報，4，17-104。new window  延伸查詢new window
21.Achebe, C. C.(1982)。Assessing the vocational maturity of students in the east central state of Nigerca。Journal of Vocational Behavior，20，153-161。  new window
22.Burchfield, S. R.(1979)。The stress response: A new perspective。Psychosomatic Medicine，4(8)，661-672。  new window
23.Chapman, D. W.、Hutchenson, S. M.(1982)。Attribution from teaching careers: A discriminant analysis。American Educational Research Journal，19，93-105。  new window
24.Diamond, C. T. P.(1988)。Construing a career: A developmental view of teacher education and sue teacher educator。Journal of Curriculum Studies，20，133-140。  new window
25.Freudenberger, H. J.(1975)。The staff burnout syndrome in alternative institutions。Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice，12(1)，73-82。  new window
26.Kahili, S. I.(1986)。Relationship of burnout among professional psychologists to professional expections and social support。Psychological Reports，59(3)，1043-1053。  new window
27.Moracco, J.、Danford, D.、D'Arienol, R. U.(1982)。The factorial vaildity of the Teacher Occupational Stress Factor Questionaire。Educational and Psychological Measurement，42(1)，175-183。  new window
28.Owramanan, D. O.(1984)。Providing for job tenure, satisfaction and productivity in teachers。Adolescence，19，221-224。  new window
29.Richman, D. R.、Nardi, T. I.(1985)。A rational-emotive approach to understanding and treat burnout。Journal of Rational-Emotive Therapy，3(1)，55-64。  new window
30.Sugolski, T. O.、Greenbaus, T. H.(1986)。Career explorotion and setting among monageisal employees。Journal of Occupational Behavior，29，102-114。  new window
31.Thompson, J. W.(1980)。Burnout in group home house parents。American Journal of Psychiatry，137，710-714。  new window
32.張進上(19900900)。國小教師工作壓力調查與輔導之研究。初等教育學報，3，79-198。new window  延伸查詢new window
33.黃光國(19801200)。生活事件之知覺：非計量多元尺度法之應用。中華心理學刊，22(2)，25-32。new window  延伸查詢new window
34.許士軍(19721200)。有關黎史（Litwin and Stringer）二氏「組織氣候」尺度在我國企業機構之適用性之探討。國立政治大學學報，26，103-138。  延伸查詢new window
35.Blasé, J. J.(1982)。A social-psychological grounded theory of teacher stress and burnout。Educational Administration Quarterly，18(4)，93-113。  new window
36.Kyriacou, Chris、Sutcliffe, John(1978)。A model of teacher stress。Educational Studies，4(1)，1-6。  new window
37.Fuller, Frances F.(1969)。Concerns of teachers: A developmental conceptualization。American Educational Research Journal，6(2)，207-226。  new window
38.張笠雲、吳英璋、胡海國(19850500)。生活壓力的概念與測量。中華心理衛生學刊，2(1)，137-151。  延伸查詢new window
39.張曉春(19830500)。專業人員工作疲乏研究模式:以社會工作員為例。思與言，21(1)，66-79。new window  延伸查詢new window
40.呂勝瑛(19850700)。工作壓力的實證研究。教育與心理研究，8，157-189。new window  延伸查詢new window
41.Pearlin, Leanard I.、Menaghan, Elizabeth G.、Lieberman, Morton A.、Mulian, Joseph T.(1981)。The Stress Process。Journal of Health and Social Behavior，22(4)，337-356。  new window
42.林幸台(19890300)。我國國小教師生涯發展之研究。輔導學報，12，265-297。new window  延伸查詢new window
43.林幸台(19860300)。國民中學輔導人員工作壓力之調查研究。輔導學報，9，205-238。new window  延伸查詢new window
44.郭生玉(19870500)。教師工作心厭與背景因素關係之研究。教育心理學報，20，37-54。new window  延伸查詢new window
45.Rothstein, S.(1980)。The tip of the iceberg: Teacher distrust of administratiors。The Clearing House，53(5)，227-228。  new window
46.Iwanicki, E. F.(1983)。Toward understanding and alleviating teacher burnout。Theory Into Practice，22(1)，27-32。  new window
47.Pickle, J.(1985)。Toward teacher maturity。Journal of Teacher Education，36(4)，55-59。  new window
會議論文
1.Sweeney, D.(1981)。Burnout: Is it really a stress syndrome?。The First National Conference on Burnout。Philadelphia, PA。  new window
學位論文
1.涂柏原(1987)。國三學生生活壓力、自我強度與學業成就之因果模式(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.郭靜姿(1986)。壓力調適對於國中資優學生及前段班學生心理適應之影響(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。  延伸查詢new window
3.黃慧貞(1982)。生活壓力歸因型及社會支援與大學生的憂鬱症(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.黃宗顯(1987)。國民小學校長工作壓力與行政決定合理性的關係(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北。  延伸查詢new window
5.Anderson, R. S.(1985)。The relationship between Burnout and Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Absenteeism among Public School Counselors(博士論文)。University of Houston，Michigan。  new window
6.林玟玟(1987)。教師A型行為特質、社會支持與工作壓力之研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
7.Rubin, B.(1982)。Burnout: Causation and measurement(碩士論文)。Michigan State University。  new window
8.周立勳(1986)。國小教師工作壓力、控制信念與職業倦怠關係之研究(碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學，高雄市。  延伸查詢new window
9.劉淑慧(1987)。助人工作者職業倦怠量表之編製與調查研究(碩士論文)。國立彰化師範大學，彰化。  延伸查詢new window
10.張瑞芬(1989)。特殊教育教師工作壓力及其因應方式之研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣教育學院。  延伸查詢new window
11.廖貴鋒(1986)。國中教師角色衝突、角色不明確與工作倦怠之研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
12.廖淳婉(1986)。台北地區高職學生生活壓力與適應之研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
13.Martin, R. P.(1983)。An analytic study of the burnout syndrome as it occurs among parachurch professionals(博士論文)。University of Pittsburgh，Pittsburgh, PA.。  new window
14.駱重鳴(1983)。生活壓力、適應方式與身心健康(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
15.王秋絨(1981)。國民中學組織環境對於教師角色壓力的影響(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
16.葉明華(1981)。生活壓力自我強度與現代性對心理健康的影響(博士論文)。國立臺灣大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.段亞新。大學生對生活事件的認知歷程及其身心適應(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
18.余德慧(1983)。壓力刺激關係覺知的效應研究(博士論文)。國立臺灣大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
19.蔡先口(1985)。國民中學教師工作壓力和專業態度的關係及其相關因素之研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Potter, B. A.(1985)。Beating job burnout: How to transform work pressure into productivity。Berkeley, California：Ronin。  new window
2.Kaplan, Paul S.、Stein, Jean(1984)。Psychology of adjustment。Wadsworth, Inc.。  new window
3.劉焜輝(1984)。臺北市國民中學教師學校壓力狀況調查研究。臺北市：師大學生輔導中心。  延伸查詢new window
4.Cox, T.(1978)。Stress。Baltimore：University Park Press。  new window
5.Cherniss, C.(1980)。Professional burnout in hum an service organizations。N. Y.：Praeger。  new window
6.Lazarus, R. S.(1971)。Psychological stress and coping process。NY：McGraw-Hill。  new window
7.Malach, C.(1976)。Burnout Hainan Relations。  new window
8.Paine, W. S.(1982)。Job stress and burn-out: Research, theory and intervention perspectives。Beverly Hills, CA：Sage。  new window
9.Super, D. E.(1957)。The psychology of careers。New York, NY：Harper & Row。  new window
單篇論文
1.Wheeler, L. J.，Reily, T. F.，Donahue, C.(1982)。Stress and coping: A comparison of regular and special educators(ED 280223)。  new window
其他
1.Brown, N. J.(1983)。An Analysis of Stress Factors as Perceived by Elementary Teachers。  new window
2.Birmingham, J. A.(1984)。Job Satisfaction and Burnout among Minnesota Teachers。  new window
3.Blanton, G. C.(1985)。Occupation and general stress among teachers employed by selected school system in Alabama。  new window
4.Blough, S. G.(1981)。Perceived stress as a function of setting and personality。  new window
5.Jacobs, D. J.(1984)。Burnout and occupational stressors in educational psychology。  new window
6.Moore, B. L.(1981)。Differences in burnout among principals within categories of demographic variables。  new window
7.Payton, J. C.(1986)。The principle's role in combating teacher burnout (stress)。  new window
8.Westernhouse, M. A.(1980)。The effect of tennure, role conflict resolution on the work orientation and burnout of teachers。  new window
圖書論文
1.Fessler, R.(1985)。A model for teacher professional growth and development。Career-long teacher education。Charles C. Thomas Publisher。  new window
2.McGrath, J. E.(1970)。A Conceptual Formulation for Research on Stress。Social and Psychological Factors in Stress。New York：Holt, Rinehart & Winston。  new window
3.葉啓政(1984)。徑路分析。行為與社會科學研究法。台北：東華出版社。  延伸查詢new window
4.Farber, B. A.(1983)。Dysfunctional aspects of the psychotherapeutic role。Stress and burnout in the human service professions。NY：Pergamon。  new window
5.MacNeil, D. H.(1981)。The relationship of occupational stress to burnout。The burnout syndrome。Park Ridge, Illinois：London House Management Press。  new window
6.Maslach, C.、Jackson, S. E.(1984)。Burnout in organizational setting。Applied Social Psychology Annual。Beverly Hills：Sage。  new window
 
 
 
 
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