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題名:美國在一九九0年代實施「整合學術與職業教育」之緣由、模式與成效--兼論國內引進整合措施的可行性
書刊名:教育學刊
作者:邱兆偉
作者(外文):Chiou, Jaw-woei
出版日期:1998
卷期:14
頁次:頁41-91
主題關鍵詞:美國整合學術與職業教育
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:16
  • 點閱點閱:12
     本文研究的目的,在探討美國一九九0年代整合學術與職業教育的發展,包括其 法律規定、學理依據、現有模式,以及實施成效,並據以評估其引進整合措施於國內的可行 性。本文的主要研究方法,包括文獻調查、檔案資料分析,以及比較研究等三種。擬將運用 此等方法, 而獲得的主要研究結果,分述如次:1. 就法律規定方面,一九九0年《柏金斯 職業與應用科技教育法案》,以「更充分地發展所有族群的學術與職業技能,而促使美國在 世界經濟上更具有競爭力」,為其目的。又,據此而在上述法案的相關條款中,規定了促進 整合學術與職業教育之各種具體措施。 2. 就學理依據方面,有三項主要論點,即:經濟的 必要性、認知科學領域的發現,以及分配學術與職業知識的社會公平性。而且,教育為全體 學生的成人生活作預備,須藉助職業與學術兩方的教育工作者之共同努力,才能跨越理論與 實用教育之間的鴻溝。 3. 就整合學術與職業教育的模式方面,中等學校及後中等院校的現 有模式,各有八種。中等學校的前四種模式,及後中等學校的前五種模式,較為常見,惟各 州之間各有不同的情況。 4. 就實施成效方面,有關改進學習、投入、及學校轉移之類有利 的學生表現結果,迭有報告宣揚,而未有實質的証實。惟針對應用學術科目,生涯吸力學校 、阿克登美,以及 SREB 模式等項目的評估,提供了若干正面的研究發現。 5. 就引進美國 整合學術與職業教育措施之可行性方面,教育部及行政院教改會的相關建議、試辦綜合高中 計畫的推動,以及職校課程標準有關教材編輯理念的澄清,可以構成邁向整合措施的有利條 件。
     The principal objective of this study is to investigate American experiences in the integration of academic and vocational education during 1990s in terms of legal regulations, theoretical reasons, present models and research findings of effectiveness. Based upon these, an evaluation is made to assess the feasibility of introducing the integration efforts in Taiwan, R.O.C. Three major research methods are used in this study--literature survey, documentary analysis, and comparative study. Some significant results which are secured from the application of these methods, are stated as follows. 1. From legal aspect, the "Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act" of 1990 states it as the purpose of this Act, "to make the United States more competitive in the world economy by developing more fully the academic and occupational skills of all segments of the population." Various regulations encouraging integration efforts are included in some sections of different Titles in this Act. 2. From theoretical justification, the case for integration stands on three main arguments: economic necessity, findings from the field of cognitive science, and social justice with respect to the distribution of academic and vocational learnings. The members of National Commission on Secondary Vocational Education suggested that the task preparing all young people for their adult lives, could be accomplished through a joint effort of vocational and academic educators 'to bridge the gap' between theoretical and practical education. 3. Both high schools and postsecondary institutions have had their respective 8 models for integration. The first 4 secondary models and the first 5 postsecondary models have been adopted more frequently than other models. The situations about integration steps vary from state to state. 4. Although desired student outcomes (such as improved learning, engagement, and school transition) have been reported, they are not substantiated owing to serious methodological or conceptual flaws. However, some studies of applied academics, career megnet schools, academies, and SREB models have produced some postive findings. 5. Some of recent events which have occured here in Taiwan, R.O.C. are conducive to an introduction of integration models to Taiwanese schools. They are the ideas of reforming vocational-technical education suggested by the Ministry of Education and the Educational Reform Council of the Executive Yuan (the Cabinet), the program of initiating comprehensive high schools, and the concepts of horizontal coordination and vertical coherence elaborated in present vocational school curricular standards, which have been brought up in recent review for curricular revisions. Green light to go should be the answer to the issue of integration of academic and vocational education, which are not yet in the agenda of forthcoming educational reform here in Taiwan, R.O.C.
期刊論文
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2.黃政傑、李隆盛(19960300)。高職課程標準修訂方向和共同架構之規劃研究。教育研究資訊,4(2),22-36。new window  延伸查詢new window
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4.吳天方(19930300)。科技準備方案與美國的技職教育改革。工業職業教育,11(3),3-10。  延伸查詢new window
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9.National Center for Research in Vocational Education and Rand Corp. Institute on Education and Training(1994)。Integrating Academic and Vocational Education :Lessons for Early Innovators。Policy Brief,3。  new window
10.吳京(19970200)。重整技職教育,提昇國家競爭力。技術及職業教育,37,27-31。  延伸查詢new window
11.吳清基(19960100)。高等技職教育之發展與轉型。教改通訊,16,33-37。  延伸查詢new window
12.邱兆偉(19970600)。美國柏金斯職業與應用科技教育法案之計畫方案與實施成效--兼論國內技職教育改革的省思。教育學刊,13,1-46。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.許全守(19960600)。當前美國技職教育三課題。技術及職業教育,33,14-20。  延伸查詢new window
14.郭為藩(19960200)。技職教育的轉型與革新。技術及職業教育,31,2-7。  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.Wu, Robert T. Y.(1996)。Comprehensive high school: An effective way to integrate academic and vocational education in Taiwan, Republic of China。American Vocational Association Annual Conference,(會議日期: 1996/12/07)。Denver, Colorado。  new window
2.Congress of the U.S. (Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources)(1995)。Overview of Vocational Education。Hearing on Examining Proposed Legislation Authorizing Funds for Programs of the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act of 1990. United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congre。Washington, D.C.:GU. S. Government Printing Office。  new window
研究報告
1.Dorsey, Anne M.(1993)。Vocational + Academic Integration: Preparing Texas Students for the Work Force。Austin, TX:Texas State Council on Vocational Education。  new window
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4.教育部(1997)。中華民國教育統計。台北:教育部。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
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2.Hayward, G. C.、Benson, C. S.(1993)。Vocational-technical education: Major reforms and debates 1917-present。Washington, DC:Office of Vocational and Adult Education. U. S. Department of Education。  new window
3.Stasz, C.、Grubb, W. N.(1991)。Integrating academic and vocational education: Guidelines for assessing a fuzzy reform。Berkeley, CA:National Center for Research in Vocational Education。  new window
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6.教育部(1996)。「綜合高中」試辦計畫。台北:教育部。  延伸查詢new window
7.教育部(1997)。「促進技職教育發展多元化與精緻化」中程計畫。台北:教育部。  延伸查詢new window
8.Boesel, David、McFarland, Laurel(1994)。National Assessment of Vocational Education: Final Report to Congress. Vol. I. Summary and Recommendations。Washington, DC:Office of Research, U.S. Department of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement。  new window
9.Boesel, David、Hudson, Lisa、Deich, Sharon、Masten, Charles(1994)。National Assessment of Vocational Education. Pinal Repart to Congress.Vol I .Participation in Quality of Vocational Edcuation。Washington, DC:Office of Research, U.S. Department of Edcuation Office of Educational Rrsearch and Improvemnet。  new window
10.Boesel, David、Rahn, Mikala、Deich, Sharon(1994)。National Assessment of Vocational Education. Final Repart to Congress. Vol. II Program Improvement: Educational Reform。Washington, D.C.:Office of Research. U.S. Department of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement。  new window
11.Brown, James(1991)。Integrating Academic Skills into Postsecondary Vocational Education Program through Accomodation Teams。Berkeley:National Center for Research in Vocational Education, The University of California at Berkeley。  new window
12.Green, James L.(1993)。The Integration of Academics and Vocational Education:A Study for the Commonwealth。Boston, MASS:Massachusetts State Council on Vocational Education。  new window
13.Grubb, W. Norton、Kraskouska, Eileen(1992)。A Time to Every Purpose: Integrating Academic and Occupational Education in Community Colleges and Technical Institutes。Berkeley, CA:National Center for Research in Vocational Education, The University of California at Berkeley。  new window
14.Hudson, Lisa(1994)。National Assessment of Vocational Education, Final Report to Congress Vol.IV. Access to Programs and Services for Special Populations。Washington, DC:Office of Research, U.S. Department of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement。  new window
15.Levesque, Karen、Premo, Mark、Vergun, Robert、Emanuel, David、Klein, Steven、Henke, Robin、Kagehiro, Susan、Houser, James(1995)。Vocational Education in the United States: The Early 1990s。Washington, D.C.:National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education.。  new window
16.Muraskin, Lane(1994)。National Assessment of Voicational Education: Final Report to Congress. Vol. V . Funding and Administration。Washington, DC:Office of Research, U.S. Department of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement。  new window
17.Penn, Alexandra、Williams, Dennis(1996)。Integrating Acaedmic and Vocational Education: A Model for Secondary Schools。Alexandra, VA:Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development。  new window
18.Pisapia, John、Riggins, Earl(1997)。The Integration of Academic and Vocational Education: System Design。Richmond, VA:Metropolitan Educational Research Consortium。  new window
19.June, Schmidt B.、Beeken, Lois A.、Jennings, Carol L.(1995)。Integrating Academic and Vocational Educa tion: Guidelin es for Secondary School Principals。Berkeley, CA:National Center for Research in Vocational Education, The University at Berkeley。  new window
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23.教育部(1995)。中華民國教育報告書:邁向二十一世紀的教育遠景。台北:教育部。  延伸查詢new window
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其他
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3.中國時報(19970327)。台灣競爭力大幅滑落,排名24。  延伸查詢new window
4.中國時報(19980210)。門外有人抗議,林清江低調上任。  延伸查詢new window
5.中國時報(19980222)。林清江:下鄉,打赤腳都行。  延伸查詢new window
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