:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:身心障礙學生學習成果評鑑之研究
作者:孫淑柔 引用關係
作者(外文):Sun, shu-jou
校院名稱:國立臺灣師範大學
系所名稱:特殊教育研究所
指導教授:王天苗
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2000
主題關鍵詞:身心障礙學生學習成果評鑑disabled studentslearning outcomesevaluation
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(10) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:41
身心障礙學生學習成果評鑑之研究
摘要
本研究分成二個階段進行,第一階段目的在建立身心障礙學生學習成果評鑑項目;第二階段則是以台北市四所國民中小學為例,試用第一階段建立之評鑑項目,分析其身心障礙學生學習成果,並探討與身心障礙學生學習成果有關的因素。因此,第一階段研究採用訪談法和德懷術,分別選取20位特教教師、31位學者專家為對象,以訪談題綱、身心障礙學生學習成果評鑑項目意見調查表蒐集資料,所得資料則以次數分配、百分比加以處理,並針對訪談及調查表的意見進行歸納整理。
本階段研究發現,身心障礙學生學習成果評鑑項目,包括「在校期間的學習成果」以及「畢業後的學習成果」二部分。其中,「在校期間的學習成果」可分為:「出席及活動參與情形」、「學習表現」、「責任與獨立」、「情緒和團體適應」、以及「滿意度」等五項;「畢業後的學習成果」則可分為:「後續教育或訓練」、「就業」、「居家生活」、以及「社會生活」等四項。
第二階段研究則是以個案研究法,選取台北市附設啟智班和資源班的四所中小學的14位教師、63位學生、及71位家長為對象,並以「學校身心障礙教育實施狀況調查表」、「教師滿意情形調查表」、「身心障礙學生學習情形調查表」、「學生滿意情形調查表」、「家長滿意情形調查表」、以及「身心障礙學生畢業後情形調查表」等六種工具進行資料蒐集。所得資料以次數分配、百分比、平均數、和標準差加以處理,並針對調查表內的意見進行歸納整理。
研究結果發現:(1)身心障礙學生出席狀況良好,而且皆無輟學情形;(2)啟智班學生參與普通班班級活動機會不足;(3)資源班學生在學習上沒有明顯的進步,造成學習動機低落,自信心不足;(4)國中啟智班畢業生均能繼續接受後續教育;(5)國中啟智班畢業生在處理自己的財物上較感困難;(6)國中啟智班畢業生較少參與社區活動。此外,本階段研究也歸納出與身心障礙學生學習成果有關的因素包括:(1)學習能力;(2)家長參與;(3)班級氣氛;(4)教師之間的團隊合作;(5)學習動機。
根據上述結果,本研究分別對於教育行政單位、學校、以及未來研究提出可行的建議。
Evaluating Learning Outcomes of Disabled Students
ABSTRACT
This two-phase study was, mainly, to establish an Evaluation System of Learning Outcomes of Disabled Students. The system was tried out with disabled students in four schools at elementary and junior high schools levels to explore the learning outcomes of the students and factors related to these outcomes. In the first phase, Delphi and interviewing methods were adapted to collect consensus opinions on items in the Evaluation System from 31experts in the field and 20 special education teachers. The case study method was used, in the second phase, to collect data from 63 disabled students placed in special education classes and resource rooms, their parents, and special education teachers. By using Survey of Student Learning Outcomes at School, Survey of Student Post-School Learning Outcomes, Teacher Satisfaction Survey, Student Satisfaction Survey, Parent Satisfaction Survey, and Survey of Special Education Status of School. Data was analyzed with frequency, percentage, means, and standard deviation.
The findings of this study were as follows: (1) The Evaluation System of Learning Outcomes of Disabled Students was composed of two parts, at-school and post-school learning outcomes. At-school learning outcomes can be evaluated with five domains of presence and activity participation, learning performance, responsibility and independence, emotion and social adjustment, and satisfaction. Post-school learning outcomes can be evaluated with four domains of education or training, employment, residential independence, and community independence. (2) As the results of learning outcomes, disabled students were found to have high rate of school attendance, low participation with regular classes activities, low achievements in schools but mostly continue their post-secondary school education after graduation. They were also reported to have difficulties in money management and community involvement in their post-school life. (3) Students learning ability and motivations, parent involvement, classroom climate, and cooperation between teachers were reported to be the crucial factors associated with learning outcomes of disabled students. Therefore, recommendations were made in terms of administration and teaching.
參考文獻
王天苗(民83):啟智工作的省思─朝向人性化、本土化的發展。特殊教育季刊,50,5-14。new window
王天苗、邱上真、莊妙芬、鄭麗月、葉瓊華、孫淑柔、鄒啟蓉(民86):特殊教育法修正草案評估報告。台北:立法院立法諮詢中心。
王文科、蕭金土、張昇鵬、李乙明(民88):我國特殊教育指標建構之研究。載於第四屆特殊教育「課程與教學」學術研討會,論文集(163-202頁)。彰化:國立彰化師範大學特殊教育學系。
王保進(民78):教育、經濟發展、政治民主與所得分配暨國家發展指標之探索。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文(未出版)
王保進(民80):台灣地區國民教育發展型態之研究。教育與心理研究,14,207-234。new window
王保進(民82):高等教育表現指標之研究。國立政治大學教育研究所博士論文(未出版)new window
王保進(民83):我國高等教育表現指標現況之實證分析。教育與心理研究,17,61-98。new window
王保進(民84):評估我國高等教育的表現指標之可行模式之研究(NSC83-01030H-023004)。台北:行政院國家科學委員會。new window
丘慧芬(民69):教育評鑑概念與模式之研究。師大學報,25,141-163。new window
台中市政府(民87):台中市特殊教育學生鑑定及就學輔導委員會工作報告。台中:台中市政府。
台中縣政府(民87):台中縣特殊教育學生鑑定及就學輔導委員會八十七學年度工作成果報告。台中:台中縣政府。
台北市政府教育局(民71):台北市國民中學特殊教育評鑑報告。台北:台北市政府教育局。
台北市政府教育局(民79):台北市七十七學年度中學特殊教育評鑑報告。台北:台北市七十七學年度中學特殊教育評鑑委員會執行小組。
台灣省政府教育廳(民83):台灣省八十一學年度省立高級中等學校訓輔工作評鑑報告。台中:台灣省政府教育廳。
江啟昱(民83):CIPP評鑑模式之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文(未出版)
行政院教育改革審議委員會(民85):教育改革總咨議報告書。台北:行政院教育改革審議委員會。
吳明清(民83):我國國民教育發展現況與評估之研究。台北:國立教育資料館。
吳明清(民88):教育研究一基本觀念與方法分析。台北:五南。
吳培源(民83):台灣省高級中學校長領導型態、學校氣氛與學校效能關係之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所博士論文(未出版)new window
吳清山(民81):學校效能研究。台北:五南。new window
吳清山(民83):美國教育改革焦點:評析「二千年教育目標法案」之教育目標。教師天地,73,56-59。
吳武典、蔡崇建、黃淑芬、王華沛、廖永昆(民83):台北市民間企業工商機構雇用殘障者意願調查研究。特殊教育研究學刊,10,75-101。new window
呂木琳(民66):國中校長領導方式與學校氣氛之關係。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文(未出版)
周淑卿(民84):美國公元2000年教育目標法案。教育研究資訊,3(3),143-147。new window
林山太(民75):高中校長行政決定運作方式與學校氣氛之關係。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文(未出版)
林幸台(民83):我國實施特殊兒童個別化教育方案之策略研究。台北:國立台灣師範大學特殊教育研究所。
林寶貴、張蓓莉、吳武典、王天苗、洪儷瑜、林美秀、陳昭儀(民83):殘障人士失學原因及教育對其適應之影響。特殊教育研究學刊,10,43-74。new window
洪儷瑜、鈕文英(民84):特殊教育師資培育之現況與改進。載於中華民國特殊教育學會編,教學與研究(95-124頁)。彰化:中華民國特殊教育學會。
馬信行(民77):國家發展指標之初探-以教育與經濟發展指標為主。國立政治大學學報,58,229-272。
馬信行(民79):論教育評鑑指標之選擇。現代教育,19,39-54。
特殊教育法(民86):中華民國八十六年五月十四日總統華總(一)義字第八六00一一二八二0號令修正公佈。
姚世澤、王秀雄(民86):中小學藝能科(音樂、美術)基本學力指標之研究。台北:教育部。
陳榮華(民74):展望智能不足者的職業輔導問題。載於中華民國特殊教育學會主編,展望新世紀的特殊教育(56-81頁)。台北:中華民國特殊教育學會。
陳榮華(民78):建立國中啟智班畢業生職業輔導網路之研究。特殊教育研究學刊,5,31-80。new window
張世平(民72):高中生的教師期望、父母期望、自我期望與學業成就的關係。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文(未出版)
張美蓮(民85):我國大學教育指標建構之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文(未出版)
郭生玉(民75):心理與教育研究法。台北:精華。
教育部(民70):中華民國特殊教育概況。台北:教育部。
教育部(民77a):台灣地區特殊學校辦理績效評鑑報告。台北:教育部。
教育部(民77b):啟聰學校(班)課程綱要。台北:教育部社會教育司。
教育部(民78):教育部七十六學年度國民小學中重度啟智教育訪視工作報告。台北:教育部國教司。
教育部(民82):國民小學課程標準。台北:教育部。
教育部(民84a):中華民國身心障礙教育報告書:充分就學、適性發展。台北:教育部。
教育部(民84b):國民中學課程標準。台北:教育部。
教育部(民86):國民教育階段啟智學校(班)課程綱要。台北:教育部。
教育部(民87a):中華民國教育統計。台北:教育部。
教育部(民87b):特殊教育法暨特殊教育法施行細則。台北:教育部。
教育部(民87c):中途輟學學生通報及復學輔導專案報告。台北:教育部。
教育部(民88):台閩地區中等以下各級學校學生學習及生活概況調查報告。台北:教育部統計處。
教育部特殊兒童普查執行小組(民82):中華民國第二次特殊兒童普查報告。台北:教育部教育研究委員會。
教育部特殊教育工作小組(民88):中華民國特殊教育概況。台北:教育部特殊教育工作小組。
許天威、邱上真、徐享良、蕭金土(民71):七十學年度台灣省國民中小學啟(益)智班之教育評鑑及其改進之建議。載於中華民國特殊教育學會主編,特殊教育的發展(30-52頁)。台北:中華民國特殊教育學會。
郭為藩(民85):當前教育改革的課題。於「中央總理紀念月會」專題報告。台北:四月八日。new window
馮丹白、林炎旦(民82):推展我國智能不足者職業訓練與就業安置之研究。特殊教育研究學刊,9,1-22。new window
游自達、廖春文(民87):教育指標系統整合型研究子計畫三:中小學教育指標(Ι)。台中:國立台中師範學院國民教育研究所。
游進年(民79):國民中學學校氣氛與學校效能關係之研究。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文(未出版)
黃光雄(民78):教育評鑑的模式。台北:師大書苑。
黃政傑(民83a):課程評鑑。台北:師大書苑。
黃政傑(民83b):國小學校效能對學生數學學業成就之影響研究。台北:國立台灣師範大學教育研究中心。
黃政傑(民86a):教育指標系統整合型研究之規畫。台北:國立台灣師範大學教育研究中心。
黃政傑(民86b):國民小學學校效能縱貫研究。台北:國立台灣師範大學教育研究中心。
黃政傑、李隆盛(民83):國民小學教育評鑑之研究。台北:國立台灣師範大學教育研究中心。
黃政傑、李隆盛(民85):中小學基本學力指標之綜合規劃研究。台北:國立台灣師範大學教育研究中心。
蓋浙生(民82):教育經濟與計畫。台北:五南。
嘉義市政府(民88):嘉義市特殊教育學生鑑定及安置輔導委員會八十八學年度工作實施計畫。嘉義:嘉義市政府。
彰化縣政府(民87):彰化縣八十六學年度特殊教育班訪視工作成果報告。彰化:彰化縣特殊教育學生鑑定暨就學輔導委員會。
鄭彩鳳(民80):高級中等學校校長領導行為取向、教師角色衝突與學校組織氣氛關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所碩士論文(未出版)
盧台華(民83):台北市國中啟智班追蹤訪視研究。特殊教育研究學刊,10,171-189。new window
盧增緒(民79):教育評鑑的問題與趨向。現代教育,7(19),15-38。
盧增緒(民84):論教育評鑑觀念之形成。載於中國教育學會主編,教育評鑑(3-60頁)。台北:師大書苑。
簡茂發(民73):高級中學學生家庭社經背景、教師期望與學業成就之關係。台灣師範大學教育研究所集刊,26,1-97。
鍾任琴、王保進(民84):國民小學社會科基本學科學力指標建構之探索。發表於國立政治大學教育系所主辦:邁向二十一世紀我國中小學課程革新與發展趨勢學術研討會。
蘇錦麗(民82):台灣地區大學學門評鑑委託公正學術團體辦理之可行性分析。現代教育,8(4),113-162。
Alberta Department of Education. (1990). Educational quality indicators: Collaboration in action. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED 323 261)
Alkin, M. C. (1969). Evaluation theory development. Evaluation comment, 2(1), 2-7.
Ashton, P. T. (1984). Teacher efficacy: A motivational paradigm for effective teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 19(5), 28-32.
Bidwell, C. E. & Kasarda, J. D. (1975). School district organization and student achievement. American Sociological Review, 40, 55-70.
Blackorby, J., & Wagner, M. (1996). Longitudinal postschool outcomes of youth with disabilities: Findings from the national longitudinal transition study. Exceptional Children, 62(5), 399-413.
Brookover, W., Beady, C., Flood, P., Schweitzer, J., & Wisenbaker, J. (1979). School social systems and student achievement: Schools can make a difference. New York: Praeger.
Brown, S. (1994). School effectiveness research and the evaluation of schools. Evaluation and Research in Education, 8(1 & 2), 55-68.
Bruininks ,R. H., Deno, S. L., McGrew, K. S., Shriner,J. G., Thurlow, M. L. & Ysseldyke, J. E. (1991). Assessing educational outcomes : State activity and literature integration. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 347 733)
Bruininks , R. H., Thurlow, M. L., Lewis, D. R., & Larson, N. W. (1988). Post-school outcomes for students in special education and other students one to eight years after high school. In R. H. Bruininks, D. R. Lewis, & M. L. Thurlow (Eds.), Assessing outcomes, cost and benefits of special education programs. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED 338 639)
Cannon, G. S., Idol, L., & West, J. F. (1992). Educating students with mild handicaps in general classrooms: Essential teaching practices for general and special educators. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 25(5), 300-317.
Charles, C. M. (1998). Introduction to educational research. New York: Longman.
Coleman, J. S., Campbell, E., Hobson, C., McPartland, J., Mood, A., Weinfeld, F., & York, R. (1966). Equality of educational opportunity. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
Combs, P.W. & McGough, R.L. (1980). Effective evaluation for CETA programs. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED 205 821)
Creemers, B. P. M. (1992). School effectiveness, effective instruction and school improvement in the Netherlands. In D. Reynolds & P. Cuttance (Eds.), School effectiveness: Research, policy and practice (pp. 48-69). London: Cassell.
Creemers, B. P. M. (1994). The effective classroom. London: Cassell.
Creemers, B. P. M. & Reezigt, G. J. (1996). School level conditions affecting the effectiveness of instruction. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 7(3), 197-228.
Creemers, B. P. M. & Scheerens, J. (1994). Developments in the educational effectiveness research programme. International Journal of Educational Research, 21(2), 125-140.
Cuttance, P. (1994). Monitoring educational quality through performance indicators for school practice. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 5(2), 101-126.
Delaware State Department of Public Instruction. (1991). Special education effectiveness development system (SEED), 1989-1990 report. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 335 828)
DeStefano, L. (1991). Evaluating effectiveness: A comparison of federal expectations and local capabilities for evaluation among federal-funded model demonstration programs. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED 337 959)
DeStefano, L., & Wagner, M. (1991). Outcome assessment in special education : Lessons learned. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED 327 565)
DeStefano, L., & Wagner, M. (1993). Outcome assessment in special education : Implications for decision-making and long-term planning in vocational rehabilitation. Career Development of Exceptional Individuals, 16(2), 147-158.
DiOrio, R. & Williams, H. (1993). A longitudinal study of the experiences of students with disabilities : Preliminary findings for years one and two. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED 368 134)
Edmonds, R. (1979). Effective schools for the urban poor. Educational Leadership, 37, 15-24.
Evaluation of Exceptional Student Education. (1983). Evaluation models for exceptional student education programs. Bartow, FL: Evaluation of Exceptional Student Education.
Fetler, M. (1989). School dropout rates, academic performance, size, and poverty:Correlates of educational reform. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 11(2), 109-116.
Glasman, N. S. & Biniaminov, I. (1981). Input-output analyses of schools. Review of Educational Research, 51(4), 509-539.
Guba, E. & Lincoln, Y. (1981). Effective evaluation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Hanushek, E. A. (1986). The economics of schooling: production and efficiency in public schools’. Journal of Economic Literature, 24, 1141-1177.
Helmer, O. (1983). Looking forward: A guide to future research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Hoagwood, K. (1991). The effectiveness of special education developing life skills of students. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED 348 798)
Holdaway, E. A. & Johnson, N. A. (1993). School effectiveness and effectiveness indicators. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 4(3), 165-188.
Jencks, C., Smith, M. S., Ackland, H., Bane, M. J., Cohen, D., Grintlis, H., Heynes, B., & Michelson, S. (1972). Inequality. New York: Basic Books.
Keystone Area Education.(1983). Vocational & social outcomes with mentally handicapped adults: A longitudinal study. Elkader, IA: Keystone Area Education .
King, J. A., & Evans, K. M. (1991). Can we Achieve outcome-based education ? Educational Leadership, 49, 73-75.
Knuver, A. W. M. & Brandsma, H. P. (1993). Cognitive and affective outcomes in school effectiveness research. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 4(3), 189-204.
Levine, D. K. & Lezotte, L. W. (1990). Unusually effective schools: A review and analysis of research and practice. Madison, WI: National Center for Effective Schools Research and Development.
Lewis, D. R., Bruininks, R. H., & Thurlow, M. L. (1991). Efficiency consideration in delivering special education services to persons with severe mental retardation. Mental Retardation, 29(3),129-137.
Lewis, D. R., Bruininks, R. H., Thurlow, M. L., & McGrew, K. (1988). Empirically testing the use of benefit-cost analysis in special education. In R. H. Bruininks, D. R. Lewis, & M. L. Thurlow (Eds.), Assessing outcomes, cost and benefits of special education programs. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED 338 639)
Lichtenstein, S. J. (1989). Post-school employment patterns of handicapped and nonhandicapped graduates and dropouts. International Journal of Educational Research, 13, 501-513.
Mandeville, G. K. & Kennedy, E. (1991). The relationship of effective schools indicators and changes in the social distribution of achievement. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 2(1), 14-33.
McDonnell, J., Hardman, M., Higrtower, J., & Kiefer-O’Donnell, R. (1991). Variables associated with in-school and after-school integration of secondary students with severe disabilities. Education and Training in Mental Retardation, 26, 243-257.
McEwen, N. (1990). Educational quality indicators: Developing indicator systems in Alberta. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 320 924)
Mid-South Regional Resource Center. (1986). Effectiveness indicators for special education: A reference tool. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED 283 336)
Moore, M.J., Stang, E.W., Schwartz, M. & Breddock, M. (1988). Patterns in special education service delivery and cost. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED 303 027)
Motimore, P., Sammons, P., Stoll, L., Lewis, D., & Ecob, R. (1989). A study of effective junior schools. International Journal of Educational Research, 13(7), 753-768.
Nuttall, D. L., Goldstein, H., Prosser, R., & Rasbash, J. (1989). Differential school effectiveness. International Journal of Educational Research, 13(7), 769-776.
Owings, M., Hennes, J., Lachat, M. A., Neiman, K., & Facchina, C. (1990). An evaluation of special education student outcomes and program quality indicators. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED 332 193)
Provus, M. (1971). Discrepancy evaluation. Berkeley, CA: McCutchan.
Purkey, S. C. & Smith, M. S. (1983). Effective schools: A review. The Elementary School Journal, 83(4), 427-452.
Reynolds, D. (1992). School effectiveness and school improvement: An updated review of the British literature. In D. Reynolds & P. Cuttance (Eds.), School effectiveness: Research, policy and practice (pp. 1-23). London: Cassell.
Reynolds, D., Sammons, P., Stoll, L., Barber, M., & Hillman, J. (1996). School effectiveness and school improvement in the United Kingdom. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 7(2), 133-158.
Rutter, M., Maughan, B., Mortimore, P., Ouston, J., & Smith, A. (1979). Fifteen thousand hours: Secondary schools and their effects on children. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Schalock, R. L., Holl, C., Elliott, B., & Ross, I. (1992). A longitudinal follow-up of graduates from a rural special education program. Learning Disability Quarterly, 15, 29-38.
Scheerens, J. (1990). School effectiveness research and the development of process indicators of school functioning. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 1(1), 61-80.
Scheerens, J. (1992). Effective schooling: Research, theory and practice. London: Cassell.
Scheerens, J. (1997). Conceptual models and theory-embedded principles on effective schooling. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 8(3), 269-310.
Scheerens, J. & Creemers, B. P. M. (1996). School effectiveness in the Netherlands: The modest influence of a research programme. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 7(2), 181-195.
Scheerens, J., Vermeulen, C. J., & Pelgrum, W. J. (1989). Generalizibility of instructional and school effectiveness indicators across nations. International Journal of Educational Research, 13(7), 789-799.
Schweitzer, J. (1984). Characteristics of effective schools. AERA paper. New Orleans.
Stahl, N. N. & Stahl, R. J. (1991). We can agree after all ! Achieving consensus for a critical thinking component of a gifted program using the delphi technique. Roeper Review, 14(2), 79-88.
Stake, R. E. (1967). The countenance of educational evaluation. Teachers College Record, 68, 523-540.
Stufflebeam, D. L., Foley, W. J., Gephart, W. J., Guba, E. G., Hammond, R. L., Merriman, H. O., & Provus, M. M. (1971). Educational evaluation and decision-making. Itasca, IL: Peacock.
Teddlie, C., Falkowski, C., Stringfield, S., Desselle, S., & Garvue, R. (1984). The Louisiana school effectiveness study: Phase two, 1982-84. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED 250 362)
The Council for Exceptional Children. (1998). IDEA 1997─Let’s make it work. Reston, VA: The Council for Exceptional Children.
Thorndike, R. L. (1973). Reading comprehension education in fifteen countries. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.
Townsend, T. (1996). School effectiveness and improvement initiatives and the restructuring of education in Australia. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 7(2), 114-132.
Townsend, T. (1997). What makes school effective? A comparison between school communities in Australia and the USA. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 8(3), 311-326.
Tyler, R.W. (1942). General statement of evaluation. Journal of Educational Research, 35, 492-501.
U. S. Department of Education.(1994). To assure the free appropriate public education of all children with disabilities. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Education.
U. S. Department of Education.(1997). Individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA) amendments of 1997. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Education.
van de Grift, W., Houtveen, Th., & Vermeulen, C. (1997). Instructional climate in Dutch secondary education. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 8(4), 449-462.
Wagner, M., Blackorby, J., & Hebbeler, K. (1993). Beyond the report card : The multiple dimensions of secondary school performance of students with disabilities. A report from the national longitudinal transition study of special education students. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED 365 088)
Warren, S. H. (1993). Assessment of and accountability for outcomes of students with disabilities : A survey of local school district practices. Dissertation Abstract international , (University Microfilms No. AAD93-27517)
West, J. F. & Cannon, G. S. (1988). Essential collaborative consultation competencies for regular and special educators. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 21(1), 56-63.
Ysseldyke, J. E., Algozzne, B., & Thurlow, M. L. (1992). Critical issues in special education. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
Ysseldyke, J. E., Algozzne, B., & Thurlow, M. L. (2000). Critical issues in special education (3rd. ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
Ysseldyke, J. E. & Thurlow, M. L. (1993). Developing a Model of Educational Outcomes. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED 366 170)
Ysseldyke, J. E., Thurlow, M. L., Bruininks, R. H., Deno, S. L., McGrew, K. S., & Shriner, J. G. (1991). A conceptual model of educational outcomes for children and youth with disabilities. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.ED 347 732)
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
無相關點閱
 
QR Code
QRCODE