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題名:條件式政黨政府理論對美國與我國立法改革的檢驗:1993-1999
作者:劉有恆
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:國家發展研究所
指導教授:趙永茂
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2001
主題關鍵詞:條件式政黨政府立法改革美國國會立法院記名表決立法選擇空間模型理想點靜態加權記名三步驟測量Conditional Party GovernmentLegislative ReformU. S. CongressLegislative YuanRoll Call VoteSpatial Model of Legislative ChoiceIdeal PointW-NOMINATE
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:115
摘 要
1994年美國國會期中選舉共和黨大勝,1990年代中期起參眾兩院在共和黨主政下,國會組織結構與立法程序發生了重大變化。「條件式政黨政府理論」指出,團結的多數黨將會改變國會組織結構,強化政黨領袖的權力,能在沒有少數黨的支持下完成立法;如果多數黨內部的政策目標分歧,政黨領袖的權力便會弱化。1995年共和黨國會與柯林頓總統的平衡預算衝突引發的政府關閉事件,成為條件式政黨政府現象在眾議院出現與消退的區隔,先後兩階段眾議院的權力結構有重大差別。參議院也在這一波改革風潮中發生了緩慢的改變。
1992年我國的立法院全面改選 ,第二屆立法院於1993年2月1日集會,台灣的民主政治發展從此進入了一個新的時代,由於全面改選使立法院的結構基礎發生重大變化,立法院本身內部的結構與程序變遷,也就隨著新國會的誕生開始逐步啟動。
本論文以條件式政黨政府理論為基礎,運用第二、三屆立法院院會議事錄所載記名表決資料,採用瀑爾 (Keith T. Pool) 與羅桑塔 (Howard Rosenthal) 所發展出的「表決空間模型測量的 NOMINATE 方法 (The NOMINATE Method of Estimating Spatial Models of Voting) 」計算公式,以及其 W-NOMINATE (Static Weighted Nominal Three-step Estimation) ──「靜態加權記名三步驟測量 」電腦程式,估算立法委員在空間模型中立法選擇理想點的位置,據以檢驗1993年至1999年之間立法院國民黨立委的同質性,以及國民黨與民進黨立委之間的差異性高低,以了解1990年代國民黨掌握多數的立法院,是否能滿足條件式政黨政府理論中的兩項條件:多數黨黨內同質性是否高、多數黨與少數黨的差異性是否大。據以評估此種因素對台灣的立法改革所造成的影響。
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楊桂杰,1996,〈立法院各委員會議事運作探釐〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷24,期6,頁20-34。
楊泰順,1992 ,〈未來我國政府體制的選擇:兼談多數性政府與一致性政府的觀點〉,《律師通訊》,期152,頁74-79。
楊泰順,1994,〈美國政黨與利益團體的發展與消長〉,彭錦鵬編:《美國政黨利益團體》,台北:中研院歐美研究所,頁245-268。
葉俊榮,1999,〈以新國會運動作為國會改革的基調〉,《政策月刊》,期42,頁10-12。
葉俊榮,1999,〈從「新國會」觀點論國會改革〉,《新世紀智庫論壇》,期6,頁28-42。
葛永光,1986,〈美國總統對國會影響力之研究〉,《中山學術論叢》,期6,頁131-142。
葛永光,1994,〈美國政黨關係:總統與政黨組織的互動模式〉,彭錦鵬編:《美國政黨利益團體》,台北:中研院歐美研究所,頁209-223。
廖永來,1994,〈法律保留原則之貫徹:立法監督〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷22,期7,頁14-21。
廖學廣,1997,〈對當前憲政問題的幾點評析〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷25,期4,頁21-45。
趙永茂,1997, 〈修憲「凍省」的過程與影響〉 ,《國家政策(動態分析)雙週刊》 ,期174,頁2-4。
趙永茂,1998, 〈精省後地方政府與政治的變革方向〉,《理論與政策》 ,卷12,期4,頁28-41。new window
趙永茂,2000,〈大選後臺灣政局的發展與期許〉,《政策月刊》,期57,頁26-28。
趙永清,1996,〈立法院組織法之幾點修正建議〉,《理論與政策》,卷10,期4,頁65-72。new window
趙永清、陳希文,1996,〈立法院組織法之部分修正建議〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷24,期7,頁28-33。
劉文仕,1992,〈「法案自動生效制」之政策考量〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷20,期5,頁48-49。
劉文仕,1993,〈國會朝野協商的法律定位〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷21,期10,頁35。
劉文仕,1996,〈不依規定宣誓的程序規範及其實質內涵〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷24,期6,頁35-39。
劉其昌,1994,〈國會質詢制度之分析〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷22,期9,頁51-61。
劉其昌,1994,〈國會倫理與紀律問題之國際面比較〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷22,期10,頁38-43。
劉炳華,1995,〈施政方針與預算編列審議的關聯性:施政方針及施政報告與總預算案流程之探討〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷23,期5,頁9-26。
蔡明欽,1994,〈國會自律權的探討〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷22,期6,頁15-20。
蔡達棠,1993,〈立法委員立法提案權初探〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷22,期7,頁22-41。
蔡達棠、余元傑,1993,〈立法委員書面質詢之程序與限制〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷21,期7,頁27-38。
蔡達棠、余元傑,1995,〈由行政院答覆探討立法委員書面質詢之範圍:以第二屆立法院為例〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷23,期1,頁64-81。
蔡達棠、余元傑,1995,〈立法院「臨時提案」的源由與發展〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷23,期7,頁54-61。
蔡達棠、余元傑,1995,〈立法院臨時提案之處理與爭議〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷23,期10,頁35-44。
蔡達棠、余元傑,1995,〈立法院臨時提案種類與執行之分析〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷23,期11,頁40-62。
蔡達棠、余元傑,1996,〈立法院法案清倉方式芻議〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷24,期10,頁45-53。
蔡達棠、余元傑,1996,〈改革立法院臨時提案之研究〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷24,期1,頁69-76。
蔡達棠、余元傑,1996,〈現階段立法院議事制度研究方向之探討〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷24,期9,頁17-27。
賴來焜,1996,〈亮票合法性與正當性之理論依據〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷24,期5,頁8-12。
謝復生,1997,〈政治制度研究方法之檢討〉,《問題與研究》,卷36,期9,頁27-36。new window
羅傳賢,1992,〈國會言論免責權與自律權之界限〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷20,期11,頁25-29。
羅傳賢,1993,〈立法程序之作用及其法源〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷21,期2,頁17-26。
羅傳賢,1993,〈立法調查權之問題研究〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷21,期4,頁10-15。
蘇明溪,1995,〈國會議員質詢權之探討〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷23,期3,頁52-59。
顧敏,1996,〈立法院組織法修正方向〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷24,期7,頁9-10。
顧敏,1997,〈立法院修憲委員會成立經過及其運作〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷25,期1,頁18-30。
顧敏,1997,〈我國立法院聽證制度初探〉,《立法院院聞月刊》,卷25,期4,頁46-49。
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期刊及會議論文
Adler, E. Scott, Chariti E. Gent, and Cary B. Overmeyer. 1998. "The Home Style Homepage: Legislator Use of the World Wide Web for Constituency Contact," Legislative Studies Quarterly, 23, No. 4), 585-95.
Ainsworth, Scott H. 1997. "The Role of Legislators in the Determination of Interest Group Influence," Legislative Studies Quarterly, 22, No. 4), 517-33.
Aldrich, John H. 1994. "A Model of a Legislature with Two parties and a Committee System," Legislative Studies Quarterly, 19, No.3, 313-39.
Aldrich, John H. 1999. "Political Parties in a Critical Era," American Politics Quarterly, 27, No.1, 9-32.
Aldrich, John H. and David W. Rohde. 1995. "Theories of the Party in the Legislature and the Transition to Republican Rule in the House." Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago.
Aldrich, John H. and David W. Rohde. 1996a. "The Republican Revolution and the House Appropriations Committee," Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, Atlanta.
Aldrich, John H., and David W. Rohde. 1996b. "A Tale of Two Speakers: A Comparison of Policy Making in the 100th and 104th Congresses." Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, San Francisco.
Aldrich, John H. and David W. Rohde. 1997. "Balance of Power: Republican Party Leadership and the Committee System in the 104th House," Paper delivered at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association.
Aldrich, John H. and David W. Rohde. 1997-1998. "The Transition to Republican Rule in the House: Implications for Theories of Congressional Politics," Political Science Quarterly, 112, No. 4, 541-567.
Aldrich, John H. and David W. Rohde. 1998. "Measuring Conditional Party Government," Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago.
Ansolabehere, Stephen, and Alan Gerber. 1997. "Incumbency Advantage and the Persistence of Legislative Majorities," Legislative Studies Quarterly, 22, No. 2), 161-78.
Austen-Smith, David. 1990. "Information Transmission in Debate." American Journal of Political Science, 34:1 24-52.
Austen-Smith, David, and William Riker. 1987. "Asymmetric Information and the Coherence of Legislation." American Political Science Review, 81:897-918.
Baaklini, Abdo I. 1977. "Legislative Reforms in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies 1964-76," in Abdo I. Baaklini and James J. Heaphey, eds. Comparative Legislative Reforms and Innovations. Albany: Comparative Development Studies Center, Graduate School of Public Affairs, State University of New York at Albany.
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