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題名:中年喪偶婦女哀傷與持續連結之研究
作者:蕭高明
作者(外文):Kao Ming Hsiao
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商學系所
指導教授:羅家玲
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2015
主題關鍵詞:喪偶哀傷持續連結哀傷調適conjugal lossgriefcontinuing bondsgrief adjust
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究主要以詮釋現象學方法論深度訪談6位喪偶婦女,深入探討她們喪偶後的哀傷與持續連結經驗。具體而言本研究主要回答3個問題(1)中年喪偶婦女的哀傷經驗;(2)中年喪偶婦女和死去配偶的持續連結經驗;(3)中年喪偶婦女和死去配偶關係轉化帶來哀傷調適經驗。研究對象年齡介於41歲到60歲,經歷配偶死亡後1年到5年之間,配偶過世前曾經和其至少一起生活3年以上。
研究發現,婚姻連結在世關係,結合兩個人成為生命共同體,也組成了華人傳統文化所讚許圓滿的家。配偶死亡使得親密關係斷裂,喪偶者面臨獨自承擔家庭經濟以及養育兒女的困境,養育兒女雖然辛苦,卻也成為陪伴她們走過哀傷的重要力量。哀傷來自於親密關係斷裂所造成的「空虛」與「不完整」,以及由此引伸之孤單、愧疚、遺憾、自我感喪失、家不再完整等「缺」與「憾」的哀傷經驗。除了負向情緒外,她們普遍領悟到生命的脆弱,更珍惜身邊的人;同時因為獨自負擔生活重擔而激發以前沒有發現的潛能,更有自信、更有彈性的面對未來的生活。
哀傷引發持續連結,持續連結所以可能在於相信配偶死後存有,藉由家中的香火與牌位等重新安置丈夫的虛擬存在,成為連結的對象。連結與不連結?喪偶者有其個人的動機,但往往藉由文化習俗或是宗教信仰提供連結媒介,例如夢、靈媒、擲杯、祭拜等使得持續連結確實可行,「該在的人」依然存活心裡,「缺」與「憾」得到彌補。
成功的關係轉化必須接受配偶死亡的事實,和死者保持一種正向的連結關係。持續連結讓中年喪偶婦女得到心裡的安慰與支持,解决未了的遺憾與愧疚,延續自我的持續感,也彌補了因丈夫死亡不再完整的家,使失落部份重新得到完整與圓滿。隨著時間過去,不是所有參與者都期待重新接續一個有夫、有妻、有子女完整的家,她們慢慢的也能習慣與接受屬於一個人的完整。
關鍵詞:喪偶、哀傷、持續連結、哀傷調適
The main purpose of this research was to explore the grief and continuing bonds experience of the middle age conjugal loss female by using Hermeneutic phenomenological methodology. Specifically, this study is to answer three questions: (1) the grief experience of middle age women with conjugal loss; (2) the experience of continuing bonds; (3) the experience of their relationship transformation bring the grief adjustment. Six participants, aged of 41 to 60 years old, death of spouse between 1 to 5 years, and at least live with spouse before death more than 3 years.
The study found marital relationship link two people to become a community of life, and complete a home accepted and praised with Chinese traditional culture. Death of a spouse break intimacy relationship, participants faced economic difficulties; deal with heavy house ware and raising children alone, raising children may be hard, but also as a support to accompany them through bereavement.
The essences of grief for conjugal loss is “empty” and “incompleteness”, which may extend contents of lonely, guilt, regret, loss of self, home incompleteness, etc. In addition to the negative sentiment, participants also realize the fragility of life and cherish the people around. They also exert potential, to face the future life with more confident and flexible during burden heavy life load alone.
The believe of deaded husband still alive in another existence at another place, make continuing bonds possible. Relocate the virtue existence by symbol of husband as the link object. Link or unlink, participants have their own reasons, but through the links media provided by cultural or religious, such as dreams, psychic, throwing cups, worship, and so on, let the continuing bonds actually work. The diseased still alive in heart, and then grief can be remedied.
Successful relationship transformation between life and death must accept the fact of death, and maintain positive continuing bonds. Through continuing bonds, the middle age widows continue to have solace and support, resolve regret and guilt, sustain a sense of self, and virtually complete the incomplete home, the integrity and perfection can be regained. As time pass away, not all participants carved for reconnecting the diseased, they can also be used to and slowly accept the integrity with single person alone.
Keyworsd: conjugal loss, grief, continuing bonds, grief adjust
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