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題名:阿里山原住民對觀光發展支持態度之研究-部落生活品質的觀點
作者:洪久惠 引用關係
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:地理學系
指導教授:吳連賞博士
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2016
主題關鍵詞:觀光衝擊生活品質支持態度原住民部落阿里山
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究目的主要在於分析在阿里山部落的原住民,他們感受觀光發展帶來的經濟、環境、以及社會文化衝擊,還有衝擊對於他們部落的生活品質、支持觀光發展態度的影響。
本研究以旅遊目的地生命週期理論、社會交換理論,以及觀光對社區衝擊分析架構為理論基礎,並且回顧原住民觀光、居民知覺觀光衝擊、居民面對觀光發展態度、以及觀光發展與生活品質的實證研究,建構本研究的架構與基礎。
本研究以阿里山八個部落年滿18歲以上的原住民為研究對象,抽樣方式以二階段進行:第一階段先以各部落戶數的比例進行樣本數配額,第二階段再採取便利性抽樣進行調查,共計獲得有效問卷776份。所得有效問卷以描述統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、以及淨最小平方partial least squares (PLS)統計進行分析。
分析結果發現:1. 觀光發展對於部落的影響,以負面的環境衝擊為最高,但是也帶來了社會文化的正面衝擊。而在觀光衝擊下,原住民在生活品質方面,以「部落感」為最高,而且他們支持觀光的發展。2. 不同的人口統計變項,對於原住民在觀光衝擊、生活品質、以及觀光發展支持態度有影響存在。3. 家人工作與觀光業無關者,在觀光衝擊、生活品質、以及觀光發展支持態度認知上較高。
在因果關係方面,分析結果顯示:1. 觀光的「經濟正面衝擊」、「環境正面衝擊」、「環境負面衝擊」、以及「社會文化正面衝擊」對部落的「生活品質」有正向的影響存在。2. 觀光發展的「經濟正面衝擊」、「環境正面衝擊」以及「社會文化正面衝擊」對「觀光發展支持態度」有正向的影響存在,另外「生活品質」對「觀光發展支持態度」並沒有影響存在。
根據上述的發現,本研究驗證了社會交換理論的實用性,當居民感受觀光正面衝擊大於負面衝擊時,他們會非常支持觀光在當地發展。在知識創新方面,建立了部落觀光衝擊的「生活品質」影響內涵與指標。除了對於發展觀光的原住民部落,以及政府觀光部門提出建議外,亦對未來的部落觀光研究者提出後續的研究方向。
The purpose of this study is to analysis how indigenous in the Alishen perceive the development of tourism caused the impact on economic, environmental, and social and cultural and such impact influenced their quality of life and the attitude to support the development of tourism.
This study adopted tourist area cycle of evolution theory, social exchange theory, and the framework for monitoring community impacts of tourism as the theoretical basis and reviewed the literatures of indigenous tourism, residents perception of tourism impact, residents attitudes towards tourism development, and tourism development and quality of life, to construct the framework and foundation.
In this study, a total of 776 effective questionnaires were collected from eight indigenous tribes in the Alishen, who were aged over 18 years old. The effective questionnaire was used to describe the statistics, t test, single factor variance analysis, and partial least squares (PLS) to carry out statistical analysis.
The results of the analysis showed that: 1. For the development of tourism, the indigenous perceived the negative impact on the environment most, but also perceived the positive impact on social culture. While under the impact of tourism, the indigenous perception of quality of life, with the "tribal sense" as the highest, and they support the development of tourism. 2. Different demographic variables have an influence on indigenous perceived tourism impact, quality of life, and the support of the development of tourism. 3. The indigenous whose family’s job is not related to the tourism industry perceived higher in the tourism impact, quality of life, as well as the attitude to support the development of tourism.
In the causal relationship, the result show that: 1. The "positive economic impact", "positive environmental impact", "negative environment impact", and "positive social culture impact" has positive effects on the "quality of life" of the tribe. 2. The development of tourism on "positive economic impact", "positive environmental impact" and " positive social culture impact" has positive effects on "the attitude to support tourism development ", however, the indigenous "quality of life" did not affect to "the attitude to support tourism development ".
According to the above findings, this study not only examined the social exchange theory, but also addressed the innovation of knowledge. Moreover, this study made recommendations to the tribe, the government tourism sector as well as the future researchers.
Keywords: tourism impact, quality of life, support attitude, indigenous, tribe, Alishan
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二、英文部分
(一)期刊
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51.Kim, K., Uysal, M., & Sirgy, M. J. (2013). How does tourism in a community impact the quality of life of community residents? Tourism Management, 36, 527-540.
52.Ko, Dong-Wan., & Stewart, W. P. (2002). A structural equation model of residents’ attitudes for tourism development. Tourism Management, 23, 521-530.
53.Kunasekaran, P., Gill, S. S., Talib, A. T., Redzuan, M. (2013). Culture as an indigenous tourism product of Mah Meri community in Malaysia. Life Science Journal, 10(3), 1600-1604.
54.Kuvan, Y., & Akan, P. (2005). Residents' attitudes toward general and forest-related impacts of tourism: the case of Belek, Antalya. Tourism Management, 26, 691-706.
55.Lankford, S. V., & Howard, D. R. (1994). Developing a tourism impact attitude scale. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(1), 121-139.
56.Lawton, L. J. (2005). Resident Perceptions of Tourist Attractions on the Gold Coast of Australia. Journal of Travel Research, 44(2), 188-200.
57.Li, Y., & Hinch, T. (1997). Ethnic tourism attractions and their prospect for sustainable development at two sites in China and Canada. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 2(1), 5–18.
58.Lindberg, K., & Johnson, R. (1997). Modeling Resident Attitudes toward Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 24, 402-424.
59.Liu, J. C., & Var, T. (1986). Resident attitudes toward tourism impacts in Hawaii. Annals of Tourism Research, 13(2), 193-214.
60.Látková, P., & Vogt, C. A. (2012). Residents’ attitudes toward existing and future tourism development in rural communities. Journal of Travel Research, 51(1), 50–67.
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62.Lin. Ching-Hui., & Chang, Hsiao-Ming. (2013). Indigenous Tribe Tourism Development Critical Success Factors – Case by Bokiu in Taiwan. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 83, 1072-1078.
63.Liu, J. C., Sheldon, P. J., & Var, T. (1987). Resident perception of the environmental impacts of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 14(1), 17-37.
64.McIntosh, A.J. (2004). Tourists’ appreciation of Maori culture in New Zealand. Tourism Management, 25, 1-15.
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66.Michalkó, G., Bakucz, M. & Rátz, T. (2013). The relationship between tourism and residents’ quality of life: A case study of Harkány, Hungary. European Journal of Tourism Research, 6(2), 154-169.
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72.Nunkoo, R., Smith, S. L. J., & Ramkissoon, H. (2013). Residents’ attitudes to tourism: A longitudinal study of 140 articles from 1984 to 2010. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 21(1), 5-25.
73.Parkins, J., Stedman, R., & Varghese. J. (2001). Moving towards local-level indicators of sustainability in forest-based communities: A mixed methods approach. Social Indicators Research, 56, 43-72.
74.Perdue, R. R., Long, P. T., & Allen, L. R. (1990). Resident support for tourism
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75.Perdue, R. R., Long, P. T., & Kang, Y. S. (1999). Boomtown tourism and resident quality of life: The marketing of gaming to host community residents. Journal of Business Research, 44(3), 165-177.
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79.Rayn, C., Huyton, J. (2002). Tourists and Aboriginal people. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(3), 631–647.
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84.Shirma, B. & Dyer, P. (2009). An investigation of differences in residents' perceptions on the Sunshine Coast: Tourism impacts and demographic variables. Tourism Geographies, 11(2), 187-213.
85.Singh, S. (2010). Community participation – in need of a fresh perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 35(2), 209-211.
86.Sirgy, M. J., & Cornwell, T. (2001). Further validation of the Sirgy et al.’s measure of community quality of life. Social Indicators Research, 56(2), 125-143.
87.Sirgy, M. J., Rahtz, D. R., Cicic, M., & Underwood, R. (2000). A method for assessing residents’ satisfaction with community-based services: A quality-of-life perspective. Social Indicators Research, 49(3), 279-316.
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90.Tosun, C. (2002). Host Perceptions of Impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 231-253.
91.Tooman, L. A. (1997). Applications of the life-cycle model in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(1), 214-234.
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(二)學位論文
103.Andereck, K. L., & Nyaupane, G. (2011). Development of a tourism and quality-of-life instrument. In M. Budruk & R. Phillips (Eds.), Quality-of-Life Community Indicators for Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, 43, 95-113.
104.Cascante, D. M. (2008). Consequences of Tourism-based growth on rural communities’ quality of life: A comparative study of Liberia and La Fortuna, Costa Rica. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA .
105.Liou, Gwo-Bao. (2013). Ecotourism cultural impact analysis. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
106.Yu, Chia-Pin, (2011). Investigating resident attitudes toward tourism development: A Community quality of life perspective. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Studies Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.

(三)書籍與研討會論文集
107.Doxey, G.V. (1975) A causation theory of visitor-resident irritants: Methodology and research inferences. In Travel and Tourism Research Associations Sixth Annual Conference Proceedings (pp. 195–98). San Diego, September.
108.Gorsuch, R. L (1983). Factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
109.Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
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111.Mathieson, A., & Wall, G. (1982). Tourism: Economic, physical and social impacts. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
112.McIntosh, A.J., & Ryan, C. (2007). The market perspective of indigenous tourism: Opportunities for business development. In R. Butler & T. Hinch (Eds.), Tourism and indigenous peoples. Issues and implications (pp. 73–83). Boston, MA: Elsevier.
113.McGillivray, M., & Clarke., M. (2006). Human well-being: Concepts and Measures (pp. 3-15), In McGillivray, M. and M. Clarke (eds.), Understanding Human Well-Being. New York: United Nations University Press
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115.Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
116.Smith, V. (1996) Indigenous tourism: The four Hs. In R.W. Butler and T.D. Hinch (eds.), Tourism and Indigenous Peoples (pp. 283-307). Toronto: International Thomson Business Press.
117.Smith, M. (2003). Issues in cultural tourism studies. London: Routledge.
118.Zeppel, H. D. (2006). Indigenous ecotourism: Sustainable development and management. Wallingford, UK : CABI.

三、網頁資料
1.中時電子報(2013)。阿里山日月潭退出陸客前十景。2015年11月16日取自http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20131015000433-260114
2.交通部觀光局(2015a)。近十年來臺主要客源國旅客成長趨勢。2015年11月10日取自http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/public/public.aspx?no=315
3.交通部觀光局(2015b)。觀光統計年報。2015年11月10日取自http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/statistics/year.aspx?no=134
4.交通部觀光局(2016)。104年國內主要觀光遊憩據點遊客人數月別統計。2016年4月29日取自http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/statistics/year.aspx?no=134
5.阿里山國家風景區管理處(2015)。鄒族原鄉部落。2015年11月10日取自http://www.ali-nsa.net/user/Article.aspx?Lang=1&SNo=03002481
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7.嘉義縣政府(2015)。認識嘉義:地理區域。2015年11月11日取自http://www.cyhg.gov.tw/wSite/ct?xItem=470&ctNode=14665&mp=11
8.嘉義縣阿里山鄉公所(2015a)。認識鄒族。2015年10月25日取自http://alishan.gov.tw/content/index.asp?m=1&m1=4&m2=100&gp=84
9.嘉義縣阿里山鄉公所(2015b)。認識阿里山。2015年10月26日取自http://alishan.gov.tw/content/index.asp?m=1&m1=4&m2=100&gp=86
10.嘉義縣阿里山鄉戶政事務所(2015a)。村里鄰人口數。2015年10月25日取自http://www.alishan-house.gov.tw/population/index.asp?Parser=99,6,37
11.嘉義縣阿里山鄉戶政事務所(2015b)。原住民人口數。2015年10月25取自http://www.alishan-house.gov.tw/population/index-6.asp?Parser=99,6,40
12.劉啟茹(2015)。花東「部落觀光」夯!民眾體驗射箭、捕魚。2016年1月29日取自https://tw.news.yahoo.com/花東-部落觀光-夯-民眾體驗射箭-捕魚-092557370.html
13.Pirouz, D. M. (2006). An overview of partial least squares. Retrieved Oct 10, 2015 from file:///C:/Users/MyPC/Downloads/SSRN-id1631359.pdf

 
 
 
 
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