This thesis aims to elaborate on a way to think about “Confucianism on the basis of Heaven(天),” focuses on “Heaven-Man Relationship” and “Connection between Heaven(天) and Statecraft,” and especially offers a different vision that is different from major scholars’ view of Enlightenment to understand Ming-Qing transition. I argue that “Heaven-Man Relationship” should be emphasized since it will deepen our understanding about statecraft, that is to say the fulfillment of a Man’s calling ordained from Heaven(天命) is based on the intellectual foundation of governance. In order to elaborate on these points mentioned above, An Shi-fèng’s Notes on Rein-terpreting Confucius Thoughts(尊孔錄), Wang Chi-yuan’s Commentary of Confucian Classics(清署經談), Xu San-li’s Collection about Governance and Knowledge(天中許子政學合一集), and Yang Shen’s Outlines of the Origin(知本提綱) will be ana-lyzed to show a way to think about “Confucianism on the basis of Heaven(天).” Alt-hough four thinkers did not have teacher-student relationship or belong to each oth-er’s school, we can still see they have a similar way to think about “Confucianism on the basis of Heaven(天)” from their literary works.