In recent years, a growing number of scholars researching late imperial Chinese society have begun to examine the ways in which local elites and the temple cults they managed had the potential to influence the social history of a particular region. In this paper, I will try to examine the complex and continuous relationship between the state, local elites and local society in late imperial China, based on a case study of the
Northern Taoyuan, region of Taiwan.
During the period of Ch'ing rule over Taiwan (1683-1895), this area witnessed the growth of at least three types of local elites, including members of the local gentry, sub-county representatives of the local government, and local leaders. The social status and influence of each type of elite varied, yet all three groups were very different from the common people. In addition to classifying different groups of elites, I also explore the many kinds of public spaces or arenas in local society where they attempted to exert their influence. Such spaces included public facilities, the local administration, civic organizations, legal cases and local temples. All these spaces allowed elites to act as important intermediaries between the state and local society. In particular, local temples could be an important public space where elites attempted construct or reconstruct local society. At the same time, both the state and local elites used spaces like temples as arenas where they could cooperate with each other or even compete against each other in terms of establishing their authority over local society.