This article rethinks modern Taiwanese literary history of the 1950's. In the fifties, encouraged by the Kuomingtang government, anti-communist-oriented writing was believed to be the dominant literary trend and in fact the only mainstream literary current. However, going through articles and papers published in journals during that period, we can easily see that this dominance was at least shared by female and modernist writing. How is it that such an incorrect impression of Taiwanese literature developed, was widely accepted, and held its place among literary researchers for years? This question leads us to consider how ideas of literary history are formed. This article mainly adopts the critical approach of the "field" raised by Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002).