本文探討戰至西漢初期所形成的泛華北市場之構造形態及其限制，問題包含與遠距大宗運輸相關的交通路線、空間經濟、區域市場網路的形成以及聯結。 華北地區的大陸型地理特質是古代市場構場一個關鍵因素。西周以降，封建的政治權力體系為其自身安排了空間基礎，春秋時代的政治、經濟互動更奠定了列國重要交通路線的基本模式。概括地說，春秋中期以前，黃河與濟水一線是華已經濟區的運輸命脈，此時洛邑(洛陽)為「天下之中」。到了春秋末期，運河已經鑿，人工水利事業規模擴大，經濟核心區域大部份的運輸重責遂由濟水和鴻溝的河道系統擔負;而天下之中的地位乃為陶邑所奪。至戰國，濟、穎、淮、泗「平行四邊形」成為中原交通孔道之樞紐，陶的地位以及河道周邊城市更有所發展。 戰國至漢初泛華北整體市場在這樣的空間背景之下興起。如《史記‧貨殖列傳》所云:「漢興，海內為一，開關梁，弛山澤之禁，是以富商大賈，周流天下，交易之物莫不通」，已經透露出若干訊息。依〈貨殖列傳〉等史籍所述，這類現象的出現，意昧著一個跨區域的全國性市場的形成，而此一點，實開古代經濟史之新頁。市場雖已形成，但其中的「區際」商業流動只能藉由自春秋而來的以陸路、河渠運輸為主的大陸型運輸系統而行。此一特點，突顯了整體市場的空間、交通模式的結構性限制。

This paper discusses the form of market construction and its limits in period from Warring States to Early Han dynasty. The question covers the nature of long-range transportation, space economy and market networks in regions. The geographical features of continent in North China are a key factor in construction of ancient market and economy. From west Zhou, the feudal political system laid up space basis for itself. During Spring and Autumn (Chun Qiu) period, the routes of traffic were settled from political and economic interactions among various stages. In general, the line of communication from Yellow River (Huanghe) to Ji River (Ji Shui) was the lifeline of transportation in North China, meanwhile Loyang was the center of “the world” (tian xia zhi zhong). From that later Spring and Autumn to Warring Stages, the canals were dug yet, and watercourses in North China were extended, the duty of shipping were assumed by Hong Gou (Hong Channel) and Ji River consequently. And this time Tao city became a first new economic hub. In general, Ji Ying, Huai and Si these fur rivers, circling a parallelogram, interflowed to a pivot or a hinge of transportation in the Warring States period. The entirety of market constituted by cities or “metropolises” (du hui) spreading in plain of North China Sprang up from this space and communication background in Warring Stages. We could catch sight of its landscape in numerous narrations in shi Ji and other Ancient documents and records. In summary, the formation of nation-wide market was a new event in ancient economic history. Thus, a macro-view we could get from Chinese history was that the mold of transportation established in Ancient China, only by means of land routes and rivers and canals but not by seaway manifest that the market had its constructive limitation in this geographical basis.