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題名：環境正義理論的問題點
書刊名：臺灣民主季刊
作者：黃瑞祺 引用關係／黃之棟 引用關係
作者(外文)：Hwang, Richard Ruey-chyi／Huang, Morgan Chih-tung
出版日期：2007
卷期：4:2
頁次：頁113-140
主題關鍵詞：環境正義；科學知識；科技與社會；Environmental justice；EJ；Scientific knowledge；STS；Science；Technology；Society
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(9) 博士論文(1) 專書(1) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:9
  • 共同引用共同引用:140
  • 點閱點閱:65
本文從理論、實際運用與概念繼受等三個層次，分析環境正義概念建構的過程以及概念推展時所遭遇的困難。在理論的層次，環境正義與根源於自然中心主義的環境主義間，存在著難解的矛盾。這種矛盾在採取辯證的自然觀後，雖已大幅減低了理論間的內在衝突，但本文指出只在哲學層次接受自然觀的轉變，卻不接受對資本主義生產方式的批判，將使環境正義無從解決所得與環境品質間如何調和的問題。其次，在實際推動環境正義運動時，運動本身相當依賴科學證據以獲取其正當性。然而在我們具體分析後卻發現，科學對運動所能提供的支援已大不如前，以至於當前整個運動的推展越來越仰仗理論性研究的支撐。問題是，縱使我們在短時間內可以忽視科學證據的問題，長遠來看，沒有科學作為後盾的運動必將減損其正當性。畢竟，今日的社會強調科學理性勝過一般生活經驗，因此不論環境污染受害者的證言是多麼的令人動容，在政策制定時，科學還是政府採取行動的前提要件。最後在環境正義繼受的問題上，雖然因地制宜是所有理論不得不面對的難題，但過度變更運動的內涵，有使整個運動焦點模糊的危險。雖然任何一個環境正義後進國都要理論與實際並重，但大量的實證研究無疑是確保運動得以長遠推行的唯一辦法。
This paper explores the inherent problems within environmental justice (EJ) theory from theoretical and practical perspectives, including the concepts having been adopted and re-framed by countries that are in formative stages of an EJ movement. At the theoretical level, there is an intrinsic conflict between EJ and non-Anthropocentric environmentalism. By adopting the perspectives of the dialectic of nature, this conflict could be partially resolved. We, however, stress that without criticizing the logic of capitalism, it is impossible to entirely solve the question of how indications of income can be reframed into EJ. At the practical level of promoting EJ movements, we argue that although EJ needs scientific evidence to strengthen its claims, depending on scientific knowledge to confirm the dangers of environmental exposure is a strategy that is highly vulnerable to criticism. In the long term, without scientific evidence, the EJ movement courts danger. No matter how convincingly local people testify that their health was damaged by environmental pollution, when seeking ameliorative action from policymakers or the courts, the inevitable result is that government agencies continue to ask for “the facts” before taking any action. Finally, on the issues of the inherited ideas of EJ, we indicate that while re-interpreting EJ is unavoidable in those countries where the EJ movements are relatively new, excessively changing the main content of EJ may detract the movements from their final goal, which is a solution to the problems of disproportionate distribution of environmental risks. We conclude that EJ movements still need science to provide a scientifically or “really” necessary way to foster equal distribution of environmental quality.
期刊論文
1.Agyeman, Julian(2002)。Constructing Environmental (in) Justice: Transatlantic Tales。Environmental Politics，11(3)，31-53。  new window
2.Tesh, S. N.(1999)。Citizen Experts in Environmental Risk。Policy Sciences，32(1)，39-59。  new window
3.Sachs, Wolfgang(1994)。The Blue Planet: An Ambiguous Modern Icon。The Ecologist，24(5)，170-175。  new window
4.Been, Vicki(1994)。Locally Undesirable Land Uses in Minority Neighborhoods: Disproportionate Siting or Market Dynamics?。The Yale Law Journal，103(6)，1383-1422。  new window
5.蕭振邦(200511)。專題引言：「環境正義」論述的哲學反省。應用倫理研究通訊，36，1-8。  延伸查詢new window
6.Bowen, William(2002)。An Analytical Review of Environmental Justice Research: What Do We Really Know?。Environmental Management，29(1)，3-15。  new window
7.Pastor Jr, M.、Sadd, J.、Hipp, J.(2001)。Which Came First? Toxic facilities, Minority Move-In, and Environmental Justice。Journal of Urban Affairs，23(1)，1-21。  new window
8.Tesh, S. N.、Williams, B. A.(1996)。Identity Politics, Disinterested Politics, and Environmental Justice。Polity，28(3)，285-305。  new window
9.Todd, Helen、Zografos, Christos(2005)。Justice for the Environment: Developing a Set of Indicators of Environmental Justice for Scotland。Environmental Values，14(4)，483-501。  new window
10.Weinberg, Adam S.(1998)。The Environmental Justice Debate: A Commentary on Methodological Issues and Practical Concerns。Sociological Forum，13(1)，25-32。  new window
11.Williams, R. W.(2005)。Getting to the heart of environmental injustice: Social science and its boundaries。Theory and science，16(1)。  new window
12.紀駿傑、蕭新煌(20030900)。當前臺灣環境正義的社會基礎。國家政策季刊，2(3)，169-179。  延伸查詢new window
13.傅仰止(19940600)。臺灣原住民困境的歸因解釋比較漢人觀點與原住民觀點。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊，77，35-87。  延伸查詢new window
14.蕭新煌(19861100)。新環境範型與社會變遷：臺灣民眾環境價值的初探。國立臺灣大學社會學刊，18，81-134。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.Pulido, L.(1996)。A Critical Review of the Methodology of Environmental Racism Research。Antipode，28(2)，142-159。  new window
16.Walker, G.、Chalmers, H.(2004)。Delivering a Better Environment。Sustain，5(3)，32-33。  new window
17.范玫芳(2006)。Environmental Justice and Nuclear Waste Conflicts in Taiwan。Environmental Politics，15(3)，417-434。  new window
18.Schweizer, Errol(1999)。Environmental Justice: An Interview with Robert Bullard。Earth First! Journal，19(7)。  new window
19.Bullard, Robert(1996)。Environmental Justice: Its More Than Waste Facility Siting。Social Science Quarterly，77(3)，493-499。  new window
20.Marbury, Hugh J.(1995)。Hazardous Waste Exportation: The Global Manifestation of Environmental Racism。Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law，28(January)，251-294。  new window
21.Light, Andrew、De-Shalit, Avner(2004)。Reconceiving Environmental Justice: Global Movements and Political Theories。Environmental Politics，13(3)，517-540。  new window
22.Bullard, Robert(1994)。The Legacy of American Apartheid and Environmental Racism。St. John's Journal of Legal Commentary，9(2)，445-474。  new window
會議論文
1.紀駿傑(1996)。環境正義：環境社會學的規範性關懷。第一屆環境價值觀與環境教育學術研討會，成功大學臺灣文化研究中心籌備處 。臺南。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.李亦園、王俊秀、余光弘、鄭先祐、關華山(1990)。科技文明對蘭嶼雅美文化衝擊之文化生態學研究。  延伸查詢new window
2.Fairburn, John、Walker, Gordon、Smith, Graham(2005)。Investigating Environmental Justice in Scotland: Links between Measures of Environmental Quality and Social Deprivation Report。Edinburgh, UK。  new window
圖書
1.王俊秀(2001)。環境社會學的想像。台北：巨流。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.蕭新煌、朱雲鵬、紀駿傑、劉小如、蔣本基(2001)。永續臺灣2011。臺北：行政院國科會。  延伸查詢new window
3.United Church of Christ Commission for Racial Justice(1987)。Toxic Wastes and Race in the United States。  new window
4.Tietenberg, Tom H.(2003)。Environmental and Natural Resource Economics。Addison-Wesley。  new window
5.Baxter, Brian(2005)。A Theory of Ecological Justice。Routledge。  new window
6.The Economic and Social Research Council(2001)。Environmental Justice: Rights and Means to a Healthy Environment for All。Sussex, UK：University Sussex。  new window
7.黃瑞祺、黃之棟(2005)。自然的人化與人的自然化。臺北市：松慧有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
8.Bowen, William M.(2001)。Environmental Justice through Research-based Decision-Making。New York, NY：Garland Publishing, Inc.。  new window
9.Dobson, Andrew(1998)。Justice and the Environment: Conceptions of Environmental Sustainability and Theories of Distributive Justice。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
10.Burningham, Kate、Thrush, Diana(2001)。Rainforests Are a Long Way from Here: The Environmental Concerns of Disadvantaged Groups。Rainforests Are a Long Way from Here: The Environmental Concerns of Disadvantaged Groups。New York, NY：York Publishing Services Ltd。  new window
11.Hayward, Tim(2005)。Constitutional environmental rights。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
12.Hofrichter, Richard(1993)。Toxic Struggles: The Theory and Practice of Environmental Justice。Philadelphia, PA：New Society Publishers。  new window
13.Low, Nicholas、Gleeson, Brendan(1998)。Justice, Society and Nature: An Exploration of Political Ecology。Routledge。  new window
14.黃瑞祺、黃之棟(2005)。綠色馬克思主義：馬克思主義與生態學的接點。臺北：松慧。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.葉俊榮(1993)。環境政策與法律。臺北市：月旦出版公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.鬼頭秀一(1996)。自然保護を問いなおす－環境倫理とネットワーク。自然保護を問いなおす－環境倫理とネットワーク。日本，東京都。  延伸查詢new window
17.藤原保信(1991)。自然観の構造と環境倫理学。自然観の構造と環境倫理学。日本，東京都。  延伸查詢new window
18.加藤尚武(1992)。環境倫理学のすすめ。環境倫理学のすすめ。日本，東京都。  延伸查詢new window
19.戶田清(1994)。環境的公正を求めて。環境的公正を求めて。日本，東京都。  延伸查詢new window
20.飯島伸子(1995)。環境社会学のすすめ。環境社会学のすすめ。日本，東京都。  延伸查詢new window
21.Lucas, Karen、Walker, Gordon、Eames, Malcolm、Fay, Helen、Poustie, Mark(2004)。Environmental and Social Justice: Rapid Research and Evidence Review。Environmental and Social Justice: Rapid Research and Evidence Review。London, UK。  new window
22.Bullard, Robert(1995)。Decision Making。Faces of Environmental Racism: Confronting Issues of Global Justice。London, UK。  new window
23.Shiva, Vandana(1999)。Ecological Balance in an Era of Globalization。Global Ethics and Environment。London, UK。  new window
24.紀駿傑(2003)。臺灣的環境與社會。臺灣社會。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
25.Schlosberg, David(2003)。The Justice of Environmental Justice: Reconciling Equity, Recognition, and Participation in a Political Movement。Moral and Political Reasoning in Environmental Practice。Cambridge, MA。  new window
26.Ringquist, Evan J.(2006)。Environmentla Justice: Normative Concerns, Empirical Evidence, and Government Action。Environmental Policy: New Directions for the Twenty-First Century。Washington, DC。  new window
其他
1.夏曼．藍波安(2001)。「蘭嶼」，人類的島嶼，0。  延伸查詢new window
2.Maschewsky, Werner(2005)。Environmental Justice in Scotland: Just Words? a View from Outside，Edinburgh, UK。  new window
3.Lipman, Zada(2006)。Trade in Hazardous Waste: Environmental Justice versus Economic Growth，Seattle, WA。  new window
圖書論文
1.Dobson, Andrew(2002)。Distributive Justice。International Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics。London, UK：Routledge。  new window
2.Maples, Wendy(2003)。Environmental Justice and the Environmental Justice Movement。Contested Environments。Chichester：Wiley in association with the Open University。  new window
 
 
 
 
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