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題名：她們為什麼投給馬英九？探討2008年總統大選的性別差距
書刊名：選舉研究
作者：楊婉瑩 引用關係／林珮婷
作者(外文)：Yang, Wang-ying／Lin, Pei-ting
出版日期：2010
卷期：17:1
頁次：頁91-128
主題關鍵詞：性別差距；馬英九效應；政黨認同；政策議題；候選人評價；Gender gap；Ma's effect；Party identification；Issue position；Candidate evaluation
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(7) 博士論文(1) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:6
  • 共同引用共同引用:354
  • 點閱點閱:94
本文摘要 2008年總統大選，是台灣總統直選以來，首次出現大規模且顯著的性別差異，女性選民以選票支持馬英九，影響了此次總統大選結果。本研究試圖探討此次投票性別差距的主因，透過理論探討，本文進行資料分析，首先比較了一般投票研究中的相關解釋因素─候選人、政策議題、個人社會經濟條件、與政黨認同，是否存在性別差異；再者，透過Logit Model分析，檢視這些因素的性別差異，是否為解釋投票性別差異的主要因素。研究發現，雖然兩性在候選人評價、某些政策議題、部分社會經濟條件，以及政黨認同上，皆存在顯著的性別差異（自變數確實存在性別差異），然而不必然會完全轉化為投票上的性別差異。解釋兩性投票性別差距的主要因素，在於男性相對於女性更會受到政黨認同的影響，女性相較於男性不認同泛綠，即使認同泛綠的女性也較男性有跨黨投票的傾向，此解釋了兩性投票差異的結果。本文進而分別檢視政黨認同與候選人因素，以及政黨認同與政策議題的關係，資料結果顯示，候選人因素並非是政黨認同性別差異影響投票性別差異的原因；相對地，在社會福利以及環保經濟政策議題上，女性選民與藍綠政黨較為等距的關係，也可能會鬆動既有政黨認同對投票的影響力，或許是進而造成投票性別差異的背後原因。
Abstract Since the direct presidential election was held in Taiwan 12 years ago, for the first time a significant voting gender gap appeared in the 2008 presidential election. Women voters supported candidate Ma which boosted him winning the president election. This study attempts to explore why there was such a substantial gender gap in that election. To explain the gender gap, we first compared the factors in explaining voting decision—candidate evaluation, issue positions, socioeconomic factors, and party identification, to see if gender gap exists in these factors. Furthermore, we applied the logit models to examine whether gender differences in these factors lead to voting gender gap. The models show that although gender gaps were evident on voters’ candidate evaluation, party identification, some issue positions and socioeconomic conditions, not all of these differences translated into voting gender gaps. Gender differences in party identification remained the strongest factor in explaining gender difference in voting choices. Comparatively, the voting gender gap caused by party identification is evident in that women were less likely to identify with pan-Green party, and pan-Green women might vote across their party line. We further examine respectively the interaction between voters’ party identification and candidate factor, and the interaction between voters’ party identification and issue evaluation. The results show that candidate factor is not the underlying factor linking the gender gap in party identification and voting gender gap. But the distance of issue positions between voters and parties/candidates on social welfare and environment might explain why women voters identify differently from men with parties and how these differences transfer into voting gender gaps.
期刊論文
1.Patterson, Dennis、Nishikawa, Misa(2002)。Political Interest or Interest in Politics? Gender and Party Support in Postwar Japan。Women and Politics，24(2)，1-34。  new window
2.Rusciano, Frank L.(1992)。Rethinking the Gender Gap: The Case of West German Elections, 1949-87。Comparative Politics，24(3)，335-357。  new window
3.Abramowitz, Alan(1995)。It's Abortion Stupid: Policy Voting in the 1992 Presidential Election。The Journal of Politics，57(1)，176-186。  new window
4.Listhaugh, Ola、Miller, Arthur H.、Valen, Henry(1985)。The Gender Gap in Norwegian Voting Behavior。Scandinavian Political Studies，8(2)，187-206。  new window
5.陳義彥(19941200)。我國選民投票抉擇的影響因素--從民國82年縣市長選舉探析。政治學報，23，81-132。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.楊婉瑩、劉嘉薇(20060900)。探索性別差距的不同型態--以臺灣選民政黨認同為例。東吳政治學報，23，115-156。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.黃秀端(20051200)。候選人形象、候選人情感溫度計、與總統選民投票行為。臺灣民主季刊，2(4)，1-30。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Welch, Susan、Hibbing, John(1992)。Financial Conditions, Gender, and Voting in American Elections。Journal of Politics，54，197-213。  new window
9.May, A. Mari、Stephenson, Kurt(1994)。Women and Great Retrenchment: The Political Economy of Gender in the 1980s。Journal of Economic Issues，28，533-542。  new window
10.Mansbridge, Jane J.(1985)。Myth and Reality: The ERA and the Gender Gap in the 1980 Election。Public Opinion Quarterly，49(2)，164-178。  new window
11.Kaufmann, Karen M.、Petrocik, John(1999)。The Changing Politics of American Men: Understanding the Source of Gender Gap。American Journal of Political Science，43(3)，864-887。  new window
12.Frankovic, Kathleen A.(1982)。Sex and Politics-New Alignment, Old Issues。PS: Political Science & Politics，15(3)，439-448。  new window
13.Conover, Pamela Johnston(1988)。Feminists and the Gender Gap。Journal of Politics，50(4)，985-1010。  new window
14.Cook, Elizabeth Adell、Wilcox, Clyde(1991)。Feminism and the Gender Gap: A Second Look。Journal of Politics，53(4)，1111-1122。  new window
15.Chaney, Carol K.、Alvarez, R. Michael、Nagler, John(1998)。Explaining the Gender Gap in the U. S. Presidential Elections, 1980-1992。Political Research Quarterly，51(2)，311-340。  new window
16.Markus, Gregory B.、Converse, Philip E.(19791200)。A Dynamic Simultaneous Equation Model of Electoral Choice。The American Political Science Review，73，1055-1070。  new window
17.Page, Benjamin I.、Jones, Calvin C.(1979)。Reciprocal Effects of Policy Preferences, Party Loyalties and the Vote。American Political Science Review，73(4)，1071-1089。  new window
18.陳陸輝(20001100)。臺灣選民政黨認同的持續與變遷。選舉研究，7(2)，109-141。new window  延伸查詢new window
19.傅恆德(19961100)。決定投票選擇的結構、心理和理性因素：民國八十五年總統選舉研究。選舉研究，3(2)，157-185。new window  延伸查詢new window
20.吳乃德(19990700)。家庭社會化和意識型態：臺灣選民政黨認同的世代差異。臺灣社會學研究，3，53-85。new window  延伸查詢new window
21.盛治仁(20001100)。總統選舉預測探討--以情感溫度計預測未表態選民的應用。選舉研究，7(2)，75-107。new window  延伸查詢new window
22.劉義周(19940500)。臺灣選民政黨形象的世代差異。選舉研究，1(1)，53-73。new window  延伸查詢new window
23.黃秀端、趙湘瓊(19961000)。臺灣婦女近十年來政治態度的變遷--民國七十二年至八十一年。問題與研究，35(10)，71-95。new window  延伸查詢new window
24.盛杏湲(20020500)。統獨議題與臺灣選民的投票行為：一九九〇年代的分析。選舉研究，9(1)，41-75。new window  延伸查詢new window
25.陳陸輝(20031200)。政治信任、施政表現與民眾對臺灣民主的展望。臺灣政治學刊，7(2)，149-188。new window  延伸查詢new window
26.黃秀端(19940300)。經濟情況與選民投票抉擇。東吳政治學報，3，97-123。new window  延伸查詢new window
27.Kaufmann, Karen M.(2002)。Culture Wars, Secular Realignment, and the Gender Gap in Party Identification。Political Behavior，24(3)，283-307。  new window
28.謝復生、牛銘實、林慧萍(19950500)。民國八十三年省市長選舉中之議題投票：理性抉擇理論之分析。選舉研究，2(1)，77-92。new window  延伸查詢new window
29.黃秀端(19960500)。決定勝負的關鍵:候選人特質與能力在總統選舉中的重要性。選舉研究，3(1)，103-135。new window  延伸查詢new window
30.Anderson, Kristi、Cook, Elizabeth A.(1985)。Women, Work, and Political Attitudes。American Journal of Political Science，29(3)，606-625。  new window
31.Jelen, Ted G.(1988)。“The Effects of Gender Role Stereotypes on Political Attitudes.”。The Social Science Journal，25(3)，353-365。  new window
32.Jelen, Ted G., and Clyde Wilcox.(1991)。“The Effects of Employment and Religion on Women’s Feminist Attitudes.”。International Journal for the Psychology of Religion，1(3)，161-171。  new window
33.Kaufmann, Karen M..(2004)。“The Partisan Paradox: Religious Commitment and the Gender Gap in Party Identification.”。Public Opinion Quarterly，68(4)，491-511。  new window
34.Manza, Jeff, and Clem Brooks.(1998)。“The Gender Gap in U.S. Presidential Elections: When?Why? Implications? ”。American Journal of Sociology，103(5)，1235-1266。  new window
35.Wirls, Daniel.(1986)。“Reinterpreting the Gender Gap.”。Public Opinion Quarterly，50(3)，316-330。  new window
會議論文
1.徐火炎(2003)。台灣政治轉型中的政治疏離感：從分析2002年北高兩市的市長選舉資料的結果來看。2002年台灣選舉與民主化調查國際學術研討會，政治大學選舉研究中心主辦 (會議日期: 2002/11/02-11/03)。台北：國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.游清鑫、蕭怡靖(2003)。臺灣民眾政黨認同的持續與變遷。「世局變動中的臺灣政治」學術研討會。臺北：東吳大學政治學系。  延伸查詢new window
3.Thorson, Gregory R., and Stephen J. Stambough.(1994)。“Understanding the Gender Gap through the Paradigm of the Michigan Model.”。New York。  new window
研究報告
1.游清鑫(2008)。2005年至2008年「選舉與民主化調查」四年期研究規劃(IV)：2008年總統選舉面訪計畫案 (計畫編號：NSC96-2420-H-004-017)。  延伸查詢new window
2.謝復生(1996)。總統選舉選民投票行為之科際整合研究 (計畫編號：NSC85-2414-H-004-017-Q3)。台北。  延伸查詢new window
3.陳義彥(2000)。跨世紀總統選舉中選民投票行為科際整合研究 (計畫編號：NSC 89-2414-H-004-021-SSS)。臺北：行政院國家科學委員會。  延伸查詢new window
4.黃秀端(2004)。2002年至2004年「選舉與民主化調查」三年期研究規劃(III)：民國九十三年總統大選民調案 (計畫編號：NSC 92-2420-H-031-004)。臺北：行政院國家科學委員會。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Goot, Murray、Reid, Elizabeth(1975)。Women and Voting Studies。Newbury Park, CA：Sage。  new window
2.Burns, Nancy, Kathy Lehman Schlozman and Sidney Verba(2001)。The Private Roots of Public Action : Gender, Equality and Political Participation。Cambridge：Harvard University Press。  new window
3.Lovenduski, Joni, and Pippa Norris, eds.(1993)。Gender and Party Politics。London：Sage。  new window
4.Asher, Herbert B.(1988)。Presidential Elections and American Politics: Votes, Candidates, and Campaigns Since 1952。Belmont：Wadsworth。  new window
5.Blondel, Jean(1970)。Votes, Parties, and Leaders。London, UK：Penguin。  new window
6.Abzug, Bella, and Mim Kelber.(1984)。Gender Gap。Boston, MA：Houghton Mifflin。  new window
7.Lovenduski, Joni, and Vicky Randall.(1993)。Contemporary Feminist Politics。Oxford, New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
8.Inglehart, Ronald(1977)。The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles。Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press。  new window
9.Inglehart, Ronald、Norris, Pippa(2003)。Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change around the World。Cambridge University Press。  new window
10.Chodorow, Nancy(1978)。The Reproduction of Mothering: Psycho analysis and the Sociology of Gender。University of California Press。  new window
11.陳義彥、黃麗秋(1992)。選舉行為與政治發展。臺北市：黎明文化事業股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
12.Cook, Elizabeth A.、Jelen, Ted G.、Wilcox, Clyde(1992)。Between Two Absolutes: Public Opinion and the Politics of Abortion。Boulder Co.：Westview。  new window
13.Almond, Gabriel A.、Verba, Sidney(1963)。The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations。Princeton, New Jersey：Princeton University Press。  new window
14.Downs, Anthony J.(1957)。An Economic Theory of Democracy。New York：Harper and Row。  new window
15.Klein, Ethel(1984)。Gender Politics: From Consciousness to Mass Politics。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
16.Gilligan, Carol(1982)。In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development。Harvard University Press。  new window
17.Smeal, Eleanor(1984)。Why and How Women Will Elect the Next President。New York：Harper & Row。  new window
18.Campbell, Angus、Converse, Philip E.、Miller, Warren E.、Stokes, Donald E.(1960)。The American Voter。The University of Chicago Press。  new window
19.Carroll, Susan J.(1988)。“Women’s Autonomy and the Gender Gap: 1980 and 1982.”。The Politics of the Gender Gap。Newbury Park, CA。  new window
20.Dogan, Mattei.(1967)。“Political Leavage and Social Stratification in France and Italy.”。Party System and Vote Alignments。New York。  new window
21.Kenski, Henry C.(1988)。“The Gender Factor in a Changing Electorate.”。The Politics of the Gender Gap。Newbury Park, CA。  new window
22.Lazarsfeld, Paul F., Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet.(1948)。The People’s Choice (3rd ed.)。New York。  new window
23.Mueller, Carol M.(1988)。“The Empowerment of Women: Polling and the Women’s Voting Bloc.”。The Politics of the Gender Gap。Newbury Park, CA。  new window
24.Mueller, Carol M., ed.(1988)。The Politics of the Gender Gap。Newbury Park, CA。  new window
圖書論文
1.Piven, Fox F.(1985)。Women and the State: Ideology, Power, and the Welfare State。Gender and the Life Course。New York：Aldine de。  new window
2.Miller, Arthur(1988)。Gender and the Vote: 1984。The Politics of the Gender Gap: The Social Construction of Political Influence。Newbury Park, CA：Sage。  new window
3.Erie, Steve P.、Rein, Martin(1988)。Women and the Welfare State。The Politics of the Gender Gap。Newbury Park, CA：Sage。  new window
 
 
 
 
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