壹、中文部分
王光旭，2008，〈數位民主行政與官僚回應性：民意電子信箱強化回應性認知研究初探〉，《政策研究學報》，8：77-115。
王鼎銘，2007，〈成本效益、公民責任與政治參與：2004 年公民投票的分析〉，《東吳政治學報》，25(1)：1-37。
朱斌妤、李洛維，2009，〈電子治理的發展與挑戰〉，《研習論壇月刊》，107：1-13。
朱斌妤、陳聿哲，2012，〈電子治理政策研究中心經營模式與國際合作方向調查〉，行政院研究發展考核委員會委託研究報告，臺北：電子治理研究中心。
全國法規資料庫入口網，網址：http://law.moj.gov.tw/Law/LawSearchLaw.aspx。
行政院主計處，2011，〈2011臺灣地區家庭收支調查〉，http://win.dgbas.gov.tw/fies/doc/result/100.pdf，檢索日期2013年03月27日。
行政院主計處，2012，〈2012年性別圖像〉，http://eng.stat.gov.tw/public/ data/dgbas03/bs2/gender/eb/2012/PDF/chi.pdf，檢索日期2013年04月01日。
行政院研究發展考核委員會，1997，〈電子化/網路化政府中程(87年至89年度) 推動計畫〉，http://www.rdec.gov.tw/public/Data/852015281171.pdf，檢索日期2011年7月15日。
行政院研究發展考核委員會，2001，〈電子化政府推動方案(90年至93年度)〉，http://www.rdec.gov.tw/public/Attachment/711616423771.pdf，檢索日期2011年7月15日。
行政院研究發展考核委員會，2007，〈優質網路政府計畫(97年至100年)〉，http:// www.rdec.gov.tw/public/Data/85201431871.pdf，檢索日期2011年7月15日。
行政院研究發展考核委員會，2008a，〈98年度行政院研究發展考核委員會單位預算〉，http://www.rdec.gov.tw/public/Data/931811203771.pdf，檢索日期2009年7月15日。
行政院研究發展考核委員會，2008b，〈2008民眾對電子化政府相關議題的看法〉，http://www.rdec.gov.tw/public/Data/89261644071.pdf，檢索日期2009年8月7日。
行政院研究發展考核委員會，2008c，〈電子化政府報告書(96年度)〉，http://www.rdec.gov.tw/public/Attachment/8520147771.pdf，檢索日期2013年7月8日。
行政院研究發展考核委員會，2009，〈98我國數位落差調查報告〉，網址：http://www.rdec.gov.tw/public/Attachment/91215951771.pdf，檢索日期於2010年6月25日。
行政院研究發展考核委員會，2011，〈第四階段電子化政府計畫(101年-105年)〉，2012年3月18日擷取，網址：http://www.rdec.gov.tw/public/attachment/ 25311401271.pdf。
行政院研究發展考核委員會，2012，〈101個人家戶數位機會調查報告〉，2012年3月18日擷取，網址：http://www.rdec.gov.tw/public/attachment/25311401271. pdf。
行政院研究發展考核委員會，2013，〈第四階段電子化政府計畫(101年-105年)修訂〉，2012年3月18日擷取，網址：http://www.rdec.gov.tw/public/attachment/ 311612112171.pdf。
行政院經濟建設委員會，2003，〈挑戰2008：國家發展重點計畫(2002-2007)修訂版〉，http://www.cepd.gov.tw/m1.aspx?sNo=0001570&ex=2，檢索日期2011年7月15日。
呂育誠，2003，〈電子化政府對地方政府管理的意涵與影響〉，《法政學報》，16：147-178。
李仲彬、黃朝盟，2001，〈電子化政府的網站設計：台灣省二十一縣市政府WWW 網站內容評估〉，《中國行政》，69：47-74。
李仲彬，2006，〈電子化政府的公民使用行為：數位資訊能力與資訊素養之影響分析〉，《資訊社會研究》，11：177-218。
李仲彬，2011，〈「信任」在電子治理中所扮演的角色：以文獻檢閱為基礎的初探性分析〉，《公共行政學報》，39：105-148。
李仲彬，2009，《政策趨同？全球「電子化政府」與「電子民主參與」的發展分析》，國立政治大學公共行政學系博士論文。
周育仁，2009，〈行政院負責機制之探討〉，國政研究報告：http://www.npf.org.tw/ post/2/5500，檢索日期2009年7月15日。
周育仁，2010，《政治學新論》，臺北：翰蘆圖書出版有限公司。
周育仁、詹富堯，2008，〈從政治課責觀點探討雙首長制下之政府負責機制〉，國政研究報告：http://www.npf.org.tw/post/2/5123，檢索日期2009年7月15日。
吳重禮、李世宏，2005，〈政治賦權、族群團體與政治參與2001年縣市長選舉客家族群的政治信任與投票參與〉，《選舉研究》，12(1)：69-115。
周文賢，2002，《多變量統計分析》，臺北：智勝事業股份有限公司。
林宜隆、黃讚松，2002，〈網路使用問題分析與犯罪預防之探討〉，《資訊、科技與社會學報》，2(2)：95-114。
林聰吉、王淑華，2007，〈台灣民眾政治知識的變遷與來源〉，《東吳政治學報》，25(3)：93-129。
林瓊珠，2005，〈台灣民眾的政治知識：1992~2000年的變動〉，《選舉研究》，12(1)：147-171。
胡佑慧主編，1996，《質性研究：理論、方法及本土女性研究實例》，臺北：巨流圖書公司。
胡佛，1998，《政治參與與選舉行為－政治學的科學探究(三)》，臺北：三民書局股份有限公司。
崔曉倩、吳重禮，2011，〈年齡與選舉參與：2008年總統選舉的實證分析〉，《調查研究-方法與應用》，26：7-44。
邱詩儀，2011，《個人主義、集體主義與政治參與》，國科會專題研究計畫(NSC99-2410-H-029-005)。
財團法人資訊工業策進會科技法律中心，2005，〈國外先進國家相關政府電子文書立法狀況研究報告〉，網址：http://www.good.nat.gov.tw/G2B2C/upload/file/ 20080430103842_file1.doc，檢索日期2013年7月16。
陳向明，2002，《社會科學質的研究》，臺北：五南出版社。
陳金貴，2011，〈社會課責在公部門的運用〉，《空大行政學報》，22：1-16。
陳俊明、黃東益、陳敦源，2005，〈電子化政府與公民信任：一個探索性的台灣個案研究〉，發表於《公共服務績效與公民信任—理論與實務的創新學術研討會》(5月20日)，臺中市：東海大學行政管理暨政策學系。
陳祥，2007，《人民陳情案件處理機制之改進》，臺北：行政院研究發展考核委員會。
陳祥、蕭元哲，2003，《電子化政府整合型入口網路服務功能之研究》，臺北：行政院研究發展考核委員會。
陳敦源，2009，〈透明之下的課責：台灣民主治理中官民信任關係的重建基礎〉，《文官制度期刊》，1(2)：21-55。
陳敦源、曾冠球、胡龍騰，2008，〈2020台灣電子治理願景與方向：情境規劃的應用〉， 行政院研究發展考核委員會委託研究報告，臺北：電子治理研究中心。
陳敦源、李仲彬、黃東益，2007，〈應用資訊通訊科技可以改善「公眾接觸」嗎？〉，《東吳政治學報》，25(3)：51-92。
陳敦源、黃東益、蕭乃沂，2001 〈資訊與民主：台灣立法機關網站政治溝通功能之評估〉，《理論與政策》，15(3)：19-60。
陳陸輝，2002，〈政治信任感與台灣地區選民投票行為〉，《選舉研究》，9(2)：65-84。
陳陸輝，2003，〈政治信任、施政表現與民眾對台灣民主的展望〉，《台灣政治學刊》，7(2)：1-40。
陳陸輝，2006，〈政治信任的政治後果—以2004年立法選舉為例〉，《台灣民主季刊》，3(2)：39-62。
陳陸輝、陳義彥，2002，〈政治功效意識、政治信任感以及台灣選民的民主價值〉，發表於2001年「選舉與民主化調查研究」學術研討會(2002年10月20日)，臺北市：政治大學綜合院館國際會議廳。
彭渰雯、巫偉倫，2009，〈非營利組織參與治理的代表性與課責-以出版品分級評議為例〉，《臺灣民主季刊》，6(3)：87-123。
傅恆德，2005，〈政治知識、政治評價與投票選擇—第五屆立法委員選舉研究〉，《選舉研究》，12(1)：39-68。
楊婉瑩，2007，〈政治參與的性別差異〉，《選舉研究》，14(2)：53-94。
曾冠球，2010，〈「問題廠商」還是「問題政府」？：電子化政府公私合夥協力困境之個案分析〉，《公共行政學報》，34：77-121。
曾冠球、陳敦源、胡龍騰，2009，〈推展公民導向的電子化政府：願景或幻想？〉，《公共行政學報》，33：1-43。
曾冠球、胡龍騰、莊文忠，2011，〈電子化跨域整合管理第三階段：五都與周邊區域之服務資訊匯流、整合及挑戰〉， 行政院研究發展考核委員會委託研究報告，臺北：電子治理研究中心。
項靖，2000，〈線上政府：我國地方政府WWW 網站之內涵與演變〉，《行政暨政策學報》，2：41-95。
項靖，2002，〈理想與現實：民主行政之實踐與地方政府網路公共論壇〉，《行政管理論文選輯》，14：151-183。
馮震宇，2000，《網路法基本問題研究》，臺北：學林文化事業有限公司。
黃德福、謝俊義、劉嘉薇，2011，〈臺灣民眾政治信任與政策偏好之研究〉， 行政院研究發展考核委員會委託研究報告，臺北：臺北市立教育大學。
黃東益、蕭乃沂、陳敦源，2003，〈網際網路時代公民直接參與機制的機會與挑戰：台北市政府「市長信箱」的個案研究〉，《東吳政治學報》，17：121-152。
黃東益，2009，〈電子化政府的影響評估：內部顧客的觀點〉，《文官制度季刊》，1(3)：25-53。
黃東益、李仲彬，2010，〈電子治理與民眾對政府信任〉，《行政暨政策學報》，51：77-124。
黃東益、陳敦源，2004，〈電子化政府與商議式民主之實踐〉，《臺灣民主季刊》，1(4)：1-34。
黃東益、黃佳珊，2003，〈地方政府「數位民主」機制：以台灣省二十一縣市政府網站為例〉，《法政學報》，16：179-202。
黃秀端，1996，〈政治知識之認知與性別差異〉，《東吳政治學報》，5：27-50。
黃朝盟、黃東益、劉宜君，2007，《我國電子化政府之影響評估》， 行政院研究發展考核委員會委託研究報告，臺北：中華國家競爭力研究學會。
黃朝盟、洪偉釗，2003，〈政府網站的可用性原則--專家vs.行政管理者的觀點〉，《中國行政》，73：97-134。
黃慕也、張世賢，2008 〈政治媒介藉由政治效能、政治信任對投票行為影響分析〉，《臺灣民主季刊》，5(1)：45-85。
蔣麗君 ，2004，〈公務人員與行政電子化：高雄市戶政事務人員對行政電子化認知的調查研究〉，《公共行政學報》，10：95-140。
潘競恆、蔣麗君，2011，〈地方政府電子治理成效評估〉， 行政院研究發展考核委員會委託研究報告，臺北：電子治理研究中心。
魯俊孟，2008，〈審議式民主理論下課責性制度之探討〉，發表於「2008 TASPAA夥伴關係與永續發展國際學術研討會」(5月24-25日)。臺北：台灣公共行政與公共事務系所聯合會。
羅晉，2008a，〈邁向電子化民主新階段？政府網站民主化指標建立與評估調查〉，《東吳政治學報》，26(1)：143-198。
羅晉，2008b，〈電子化參與的效益與風險：民眾對政府網站的認知與使用行為之初探〉，《資訊社會研究》，15：181-208。
蕭乃沂 ，2007，《政府網站功能民主化》，行政院研究發展考核委員會委託研究報告，臺北：電子治理研究中心。
蕭乃沂、盧志山、趙文彬、賴怡君，2002，〈民眾使用網路報稅的評估：計劃行為理論觀點的初探〉，《公共行政學報》，6：67-86。
蕭文龍，2009，《多變量分析最佳入門實用書》，臺北市：碁峰資訊。
蕭怡靖，2013，〈臺灣民眾政治課責觀之初探-認知、評價與影響〉，《臺灣民主季刊》，10(2)：73-104。
蕭怡靖、黃紀，2010，〈政治課責與投票抉擇：2009年雲林縣縣長及鄉鎮市長選舉之分析〉，發表於台灣選舉與民主化調查2010國際學術研討會：基層選舉與基層治理( 10月30日)，臺北市：政治大學。
簡敏丞，2012，〈電子簽章法之適用與排除〉，http://www.zoomlaw.net/files/15-1138 -16498,c717- 1.php，檢索日期2013年7月15日。
謝百傑，2009，〈都會網絡治理課責之實證研究〉，《政策與人力管理》，31：89-121。
謝雨生、簡文吟，2012，《鄉鎮市區數位發展分類研究報告》，臺北市：行政院研考會。
謝翠娟，2012〈電子化政府與新科技〉，《科學發展》，480：26-33。
羅清俊，2011 《社會科學研究方法》，新北市：威仕曼文化事業股份有限公司。
Gates, Bill講，2000 〈微軟與世界的未來10年--Bill Gates展望資訊科技產業的新局〉，《商業現代化》，40：14-17。

貳、英文部分
Abramson, Paul R. 1983. Political Attitudes in American: Formation and Change. San Francisco: WH Freeman and Company Press.
Al-adawi, Z., Yousafzai, S., and Pallister, J. 2005. “Conceptual Model of Citizen Adoption of E-Government.” Paper presented at The Second International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology.
AlAwadhi, S., and Morris, A. 2009. “Factors Influencing the Adoption of E-government Services”. Journal of Software, 4(6): 584-90.
Aucoin, P., and Heintzman, R. 2000. “The Dialectics of Accountability for Performance in Public Management Reform”. International Review of Administrative Science, 66(1): 45-55.
Adeno, A. 2009. “Deliberative Democracy in Severely Fractured Societies”. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 16(1): 59-84.
Ahlbäck, S. 2001 “Varför behövs granskarna?”. In Rothstein, Bo (ed.), Politik som organisation: Förvaltningspolitikens grundproblem, Stockholm: SNS Förlag: 286-305.
Alsaghier, H., M. Ford, A. Nguyen, and R. Hexel. 2009. “Conceptualising citizen’s trust in egovernment: Application of Q methodology”. Electronic Journal of e-Government, 7(4): 295-310.
Baron, R.M., and Kenny, D.A. 1986. “The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6): 1173-1182.
Bannister, F. 2002. “Citizen centricity: a model of IS value in public administration”. Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation, 5(22): 1-16.
Bannister, F., and Remenyi, D. 2003. “The societal value of ICT: first steps towards an evaluation framework”. Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation, 6(2): 197-206.
Barberis, P. 1998. “The New Public Management and a New Accountability”. Public Administration, 76(3): 451-470.
Baum, C.H., and Maio, A.D. 2000. Gartner’s Four Phases of E-government Model. Retrieved from: http://www.gartner.com. June 26, 2009.
Beck, L., Mendel, T., and Thindwa, J. 2007. The Enabling Environment for Social Accountability in Mongolia. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Press: Washington D.C.
Behn, R. 2001 Rethinking Democratic Accountability. Brookings Institution Press: Washington D.C.
Benz, A. 2007. “Accountable Multilevel Governance by the Open Method of Coordination?”. European Law Journal, 13(4): 505-522.
Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., and Grimes, J. M. 2010. “Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies”. Government Information Quarterly, 27(3): 264-271.
Bimber, B. 2001. “Information and Political Engagement in America: The Search forEffects of Information Technology at the Individual Level”. Political Research Quarterly, 54(1): 53-67.
Bovens, M. 2005. Public Accountability. In The Oxford Handbook of Public Management. Ferlie E., Lynne L., Pollitt C., Eds. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Bovens, M., Schillemans, T., and `T Hart, P. 2008. “Does Public Accountability Work? An Assessment Tool”. Public Administration, 86(1): 225-242.
Brown University. 2008. Improving Technology Utilization in Electronic Government around the World, Retrieved from: http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files /rc/reports/2008/0817_egovernment_west/0817_egovernment_west.pdf. Oct 26, 2009.
Burn, J., and Robins, G. 2003. “Moving Towards E-Government: a Case Study of Organizational Change Progress”. Logistics Information Management, 16(1): 25-35.
Caiden, G.E. 1989. “The Problem of Ensuring the Public Accountability of Public Officials.” In Jabbra and Dwivedi, Public Service Accountability: A Comparative Perspective, West Hartford, Conn: Kumarian.
Campbell, A., Gurin, G., and Miller, W. E. 1954. The Voter Decides. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
Carter, L., and Weerakkody, V. 2008. “E-Government Adoption: A Cultural Comparison.” Information Systems Frontiers, 10(4): 473-482.
Carter, L., and Belanger, F. 2005. “The utilization of e-government services: Citizen trust, innovation and acceptance factors.” Information Systems Journal, 15(1): 5-25.
Chaskin, R.J. 2003. “Fostering neighborhood democracy: Legitimacy and accountability within loosely coupledsystems.” Nonprofit and Volunteer Sector Quarterly, 32 (2): 161-189.

Cho, J. 2004. “Likelihood to abort an online transaction: influences from cognitive evaluations, attitudes, and behavioral variables.” Information and Management, 41(7): 827-838.
Conway, M.M. 2003. Political Participation in the United States(3rd ed). Washington, DC:Congressional Quarterly Press.
Coursey, D., and Norris, D. F. 2008. “Models of E-Government: Are They Correct? An Empirical Assessment.” Public Administration Review, 68(3): 523-537.
Craig, S. C., Richard G. N, and Glenn E. S. 1990. “Political Efficacy and Trust: A Report on the NES Pilot Study Items.” Political Behavior, 12(3): 289-314.
Craig, S.C. 1996. The angry voter: Politics and Popular discontent in the 2990s. in Broken contract: Changing relationships between Americans and their government, ed. S.C. Craig. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 46-66.
Criado, J.I., and Ramilo, M.C. 2003. “E-Government in practice: an analysis of website orientation to citizens in Spanish municipalities.” International Journal of Public Sector Management, 18(3): 191-218.
Cunningham, A., and Philips, M. 2005. “Accountability and accessibility: Ensuring the evidence of e-governance in Australia”. Aslib Proceedings, 57(4): 301-317.
Dahl, R. 1956. Preface to Democratic Theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Dalton, R. J. 2004. Democratic Challenges, Democratic Choices: the Erosion of Political Support in Advanced Industrial Democracies. New York: Oxford University Press.
Davis, F. D. 1989. “Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology.” MIS Quarterly, 13(3): 318-340.
Davis, D., Bagozzi, P., and Warshaw, R. 1989. “User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models.” Management Science, 35:8.
Day, P., and Klein, R. 1987. Accountabilities: Five Public Services. London: Tavistock Publications.
DeLone, W.H., and McLean, E.R. 2003. “The DeLone and McLean model of information system success: A ten-year update.” Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4): 9-30.
Demchak, Chris C., Christian Friis, and Todd M. La Porte. 2000 “Webbing Governance: National Differences in Constructing the Face of Public Organizations”. In G. David Garson, ed., Handbook of Public Information Systems. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Demmke, C., Hammerschmid, G., and Meyer, R., 2006. Decentralisation and Accountability as Focus of Public Administration Modernisation, Austrian Federal Chancellery, Vienna.
Denhardt, K.G. 1994. “Organizational Structure as a Context for Administrative Ethics.” In T.L. Cooper (ed.), Handbook of Administrative Ethics. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Dimitra, P.I, Niall, Hayes, and Introna, Lucas D.2008. Performance Monitoring and Accountability through Technology: E-government in Greece. In: 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Big Island, Hawaii.
Dimitrova, DV., and Chen, Y. 2006. “Profiling the adopters of e-government information and services: the influence of psychological characteristics, civic mindedness, and information channels”. Social Science Computer Review, 24(2): 172-188.
Dubnick, Melvin J. 2002. Seeking Salvation for Accountability. Retrieved from; http://mjdubnick.dubnick.net/papers/2002/salv2002.pdf. June 13, 2010.
Dwivedi, Y K., Weerakkody, V. and Williams, M. D. 2009. “Guest editorial: From implementation to adoption: Challenges to successful E-Government diffusion.” Government Information Quarterly, 26(1): 3-4.
Erikson, Robert S., Mackuen, Michael B. and Stimson, James A. 2002. The Macro Polity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
European Union. 2003. World Public Sector Report 2003: E-government at the Crossroads. Retrieved from: http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/ documents/un/unpan012733.pdf. July 20, 2010.
Flinders, M. V. 2001. The politics of accountability in the modern state. Baker & Taylor Books.
Foster, A., and Griffin, D. 2003. “The Local Authority e-Champion: The Hybrid Manager Needed to Make Joined-up e-Government a Reality?” in Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on e-Government, D. Remenyi and F. Bannister (Eds.), Dublin.
Gamson, W. A. 1968. Power and Discontent. Homewood, Ill.: Dorsey Press.
GAO (General Accounting Office), Record by David McClure. 2001. “Electronic Government: Challenges Must Be Addressed with Effective Leadership and Management.” Retrieved from: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d01959t.pdf. June 20, 2012.
Garson, G. David. 2006. Public information technology and e-governance: Managing the virtual state. MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Goodin, R. 2003. “Democratic Accountability: the Distinctiveness of Third Sector.” Archives Européennes de Sociologie, 44(3): 359-396.
Government and the Internet Survey. 2000. The Economist. 355(8176): 33-34.
Gregory, R., and C. Hicks. 1999. “Promoting Public Service Integrity: A Case for Responsible Accountability.” Australian Journal of Public Administration, 58(4): 3-15.
Griffin, D., and Halpin, E. 2002. “Local Government: a digital intermediary for the Information Age?” Information Polity, l7(4): 217-231.
Griffin, D., and Halpin, E. 2005“An Exploratory Evaluation of UK Local e-Government From an Accountability Perspective.” The Electronic Journal of e-Government, 3(1): 13-28.
Grimmelikhuijsen, S. 2009. “Do transparent government agencies strengthen trust?” Journal Information Polity, 14(3): 173-186.
Gronlund, A., and Horan, T. 2004 “Introducing e-Gov: History, Definitions, and Issues.” Communications of the AIS, 15: 713-729.
Haan, J. de, Amtenbrink, F. and Eijffinger, S.C.W. 1998. Accountability of Central Banks: Aspects and Quantification. Discussion Paper, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
Habermas, J. 1996. Between Facts and Norms. Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy. Polity Press: Cambridge.
Halachmi, A. 2002. “Performance Measurement, Accountability, and Improved performance.” Public Performance and Management Review, 25(4): 370-374 .
Hair, J.F., Black, B., Babin, B., Anderson, R.E., and Tatham, R.L. 2006. Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Haque, M. S. 2000. “Significance of accountability under the new approach to public governance.” International Review of Administrative Sciences, 66: 599-617.
Harlow, C. 2002. Accountability in the European Union. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

Hart-Teeter. 2003. The new e-government equation: ease, engagement, privacy and protection. Retrieved from http://www.excelgov.org/displayContent.asp? Keyword= pppHomePage. June 20, 2012.
Heeks, R. 2002. “e-Government in Africa: promise and practice.” Information Polity, 7(2/3): 93-114.
Heeks, R., and Bhatnagar, S. C. 1999. “Understanding Success and Failure in information age reform.” In R. Heeks (Ed.), Reinventing Government in the Information Age: International Practice in IT-enabled Public Sector Reform. London: Routledge, 49-74.
Heady, F. 1996. “Configurations of Civil Service Systems.” In Hans Bekke, James Perry, and Theo Toonen, eds., Civil Service Systems in Comparative Perspective. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Held, D., and Koenig-Archibugi, Mathias(eds.). 2005. Global governance and public accountability. Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
Hetherington, M. J. 1998. “The Political Relevance of Political Trust.” American Political Science Review, 92(4): 791-808.
Hetherington, M. J. 2004 Why Trust Matters: Declining Political Trust and the Demise of American Liberalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Héritier, A. 2003. “Composite Democracy in Europe: the Role of Transparency and Access to Information.” Journal of European Public Policy, 10(5): 814-833.
Hiller, J., and Bélanger, F. 2001. Privacy Strategies for Electronic Government. Retrieved from: http://www.businessofgovernment.org/pdfs/HillerReport.pdf. June 26, 2011.
Hirst, P. 2000. Democracy and Governance. In Debating Governance. Authority, Steering, and Democracy. Pierre, J. Ed.; Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Hood, C. 1991. “A Public Management for all seasons?” Public Administration, 69(1): 3-19.
Hood, C. and Schuppert, G. 1998. Evaluation and Review. In Delivering Public Services in Western Europe. Sharing Western European Experience of Para-Government Organization. Hood, C. & Schuppert,G., Eds. Sage Publications: London.
Horst M., M. Kuttschreuter, and J. M. Gutteling. 2007. “Perceived usefulness, personal experiences, risk perception and trust as determinants of adoption of egovernment service in The Netherlands.” Computers in Human Behavior, 23: 1838-1852.
Huang, Z. 2007. “A comprehensive analysis of U.S. counties’ e-Government portals: development status and functionalities.” European Journal of Information Systems, 16: 149-164.
Hughes O, E. 1998. Public management and administration. St. Martin's Press.
Hun M. Park, and James L. Perry. 2008. “Does Internet Use Really Facilitate Civic Engagement? Evidence from the American National Election Studies.” In Civic Engagementin a Network Society, ed. K. Yang and E. Bergrund, Information Age Publishing, 237‐269.
Jakob de Haan, Fabian Amtenbrink, and Sylvester C W Eijffinger. 1999. “Accountability of central banks: Aspects and quantification.” Quarterly Review, 52(209): 169-193.
Joseph, Rhoda C., and David P. Kitlan. 2008. “Key Issues in e-government and public administration.” In Handbook of research on public information technology, Garson, G.D. & Khosrow- Pour, M., Ed.; Amsterdam: IOS Press.
Janssen, M., Gortmaker, J., and Wagenaar, R.W. 2006. “Web Service orchestration in public administration: challenges, roles, and growth stages.” Information Systems Management, 23(2): 44-55.
Jones, G.W. 1992. “The search for local accountability.” In S. Leach(ed.), Strengtherning local government in the 1990s. London: Longman, 49-78.
Kaylor, C. 2001. “Gauging E-government: A Report on Implementing Services among American Cities.” Government Information Quarterly, 18(4): 293-307.
Keng, Siau., and Yuan, Long. 2006. “Using Social Development Lenses to Understand E-Government Development.” Journal of Global Information Management, 14(1): 47-62.
Keng, Siau., and Yuan, Long. 2009. “Factors impacting e-government development.” The Journal of Computer Information Systems, 50(1): 98-107.
Kluvers, R., and Tippett, John. 2011. “The Views of Councillors and Managers on Accountability in Local Government: An Empirical Study in Australia.” International Journal of Management, 28(2): 519-527.
Knott, J., and Wildavsky, A. 1980. “If Dissemination Is the Solution, What Is the Problem? ” Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilization, 1(4): 537-578.

Kolsaker, A., Lee-Kelley, L., and Pui, C. C. 2004. “The reluctant Hong Kong consumer: purchasing travel online.” International Journal of Consumer Studies, 28(3): 295-304.
Koppell, J. GS. 2005. “Pathologies of Accountability: ICANN and the Challenge of Multiple Accountabilities Disorder”. Public Administration Review, 65(1): 94-108.
Kumar, V., Mukerji, B., Butt, I., and Persaud, A. 2007. “Factors for successful egovernment adoption: A conceptual framework.” The Electronic Journal of egovernment, 5(1): 63-76.
Langford, J., and Y. Harrison. 2008. “Partnering for e-government: Challenges for public administrators”. Canadian Public Administration, 44(4): 393-416.
La Porte, Todd M., Martin de Jong, and Chris Demchak. 2002. “Democracy and Bureaucracy in the Age of the Web.” Administration and Society, 34: 411-426.
Lau, E. 2003. “Challenges for E-Government Development.” In proceedings of the 5th global forum on The Second International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology (IIT’05) 9 reinventing government conference, Mexico City, 5 November.
Layne, K., and Lee, J. 2001. “Developing Fully Functional E-Government: A Four Stage Model”. Government Information Quarterly, 18(2): 122-36.
Lean, O. K., Zailani, S., Ramayah, T., and Fernando, Y. 2009 “Factors influencing intention to use e-government services among citizens in Malaysia.” International Journal of Information Management, 29(6): 458-475.
Lerner, J. S., and Tetlock, P. E. 1999. “Accounting for the Effects of Accountability.” Psychological Bulletin, 125(2): 255-275.
Levy, K. 2002. E-government and citizen-centred government round table. Retrieved from: http://www.epa.gov/customerservice/2002conference/levy.pdf. May 23, 2013.
Lupia, A. 2003. “Delegations and its Perils.” In M. W. C. K. Stem and T. Bergman (Eds.), Delegation and Accountability in Parliamen, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 33-54.
Mann, H. H. 2011(Dec). “The Influence Of New Public Management Practices On The Attitudinal Change Of Government Employees Toward Accountability.” International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(23): 102-113.
Mariam R., Vatcharaporn E., and Muhammad K. 2012. “Factors influencing e-government adoption in Pakistan.” Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 6(3): 258-282.
McGee, M.C. 1980. “The Ideograph: A link between Rethoric and Ideology.” The Quarterly Journal of Speech, 66: 1-16.
McKnight, D.H., Choudhury, V., and Kacmer, C. 2002. “The impact of initial trust on intentions to transact with a web site: a trust building model.” Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 11(3): 297-323.
Merrill W., David G., Paul A.P., and Gregory M.R. 2002 “Encouraging Citizen Adoption of e-Government by Building Trust Electronic Markets.” Electronic Markets, 12(3): 157-162.
Messner, M. 2009. “The Limits of Accountability. Accounting.” Organizations and Society, 34(8): 918-938.
Mistry, J.J. 2005. “A Conceptual Framework for the Role of Government in Bridging the Digital Divide.” Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 8(3): 28-46.
Miyazaki, A. D., and Fernandez, A. 2001. “Consumer Perceptions of Privacy and Security Risks for Online Shopping.” Journal of Consumer Affairs, 35(1): 27-44.
Moncrieffe, J.M. 1998. “Reconceptualising Political Accountability.” International Political Science Review, 19(4): 387-406.
Moon, M. J., and Norris, D. 2005. “Does managerial orientation matter? The adoption of reinventing government and e-government at the municipal level.” Information Systems Journal, 15: 43-60.
Moon, M.J. 2002. “The Evolution of e-Government among Municipalities: Rhetoric or Reality?” Public Administration Review, 62(4): 424-433.
Mossberger, K., Tolbert, C., and Stansbury, M. 2003. Virtual. Inequality: Beyond the Digital Divide. Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
Mulgan, R. 2000. “Accountability: An Ever-Expanding Concept?” Public Administration, 78(3): 555-573.
Mulgan, R. 2003. Holding Power to Account: Accountability in Modern Democracies. Basingstoke : Palgrave.
Ndou, V. 2004. “E-Government for developing countries: Opportunities and Challenges.” The Electronic Jounrnal on Information Systems in Developing Countries, 18(1): 1-24.
Niemi, R. G., Craig, S. C., and Mattei, F. 1991. “Measuring internal political efficacy in the 1988 National Election Study.” American Political Science Review, 85: 1407-1413.
Norris, P. 1999. Critical citizens: Global support for democratic governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Norris, P. 2001. Digital Divide: Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and The Internet Worldwide. Cambridge University Press.
Norris, Donald F., and M. J. Moon. 2005. “Advancing e-government at the Grassroots: Tortoise or hare.” Public Administration Review, 65(1): 64-75.
Nysveen, P. E. Pedersen, and H. Thorbjørnsen. 2005. “Explaining intention to use mobile chat services:moderating effects of gender.” Journal of ConsumerMarketing, 22(5): 247-256.
OECD. 2003. The e-Government Imperative (OECD e-Government Studies). Paris: OECD.
Ooh Kim Lean, Suhaiza Zailani, T. Ramayah, and Yudi Fernando. 2009. “Factors influencing intention to use e-government services among citizens in Malaysia.” International Journal of Information Management, 29(6): 458-475.
Page, S. 2004. “Measuring Accountability for Results in Interagency Collaboratives.” Public Administration Review, 64(5): 591-606.
Parent, M., C. A. Vandebeek, and A. C. Gemino. 2004. “January. Building citizen trust through e-government.” The 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Science, Big Island, Hawaii.
Peng, Wein. 2003. “Voter Cynicism Perception of Media Negativism and Voting Behavior in Taiwan 2001 Election.” Proceeding of a conference on 2003 Annual Meeting of International Communication Association. 23-27. San Diego, CA: ICA.
Peters, G. B. 1989. The Politics of Bureaucracy(3rd Ed). Longman: New York.
Phythian, M.J., and William G.K. Taylor. 2001. “Progress in electronic service delivery by English District Councils.” International Journal of Public Sector Management, 14(7): 569-584.
Pierre, J., and Peters, G.B. 2000. Governance, Politics and the State. St. Martin’s Press: New York.

Plouffe, C., Hulland, J., and Vandenbosch, M. 2001. “Richness versus Parsimony in Modeling Technology Adoption Decisions: Understanding Merchant Adoption of a Smartcard-Based Payment System.” Information Systems Research, 12(2): 208-222.
Pollitt, C. 2003. The Essential Public Manager. London: Open University Press/Mc Graw-Hill.
Power, M. 2001. The Audit Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Prattipati, S. 2003. “Adoption of e-Governance: Differences between countries in the use of online government services.” Journal of American Academy of Business 3:(1/2): 386-391.
Przeworski, A., S. C. Stokes, and B. Manin (Eds.). 1999. Democracy, Accountability and Representation, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Reddick, C.G. 2005. “Citizen interaction with e-government: From the streets to servers? ” Government Information Quarterly, 22: 38-57.
Reinicke, W. 1998. Global Public Policy. Governing without Government. The Brookings Institution: Washington D.C.
Pina, V., Lourdes Torres, and Sonia Royo. 2007. “Are ICTs Improving Transparency and Accountability in the EU Reginonal and Local Governments? An Empirical Study.” Public Administration , 85(2): 449–472.
Rogers, E.M. 2003. Diffusion of innovation (5th ed.). New York: Free Press.
Rosenau, J. 2000. “Change, Complexity, and Governance in Globalizing Space.” In Debating Governance. Authority, Steering, and Democracy, Pierre J., Ed.; Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Roland, Robertson. 1993. “Globality, Global Culture, and Images of World Order.” In Social Change and Modernity, edited by Hans Haferkamp and Neil J. Smelser. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Romzek, B., and Dubnick, M. 1987. “Accountability in the Public Sector: Lessons from the Challenger Tragedy.” Public Administration Review, 47: 227-238.
Romzek, B. S., and Ingrham P. W. 2000. “Cross Pressure of Accountability: Initiative, Command, and Failure in the Ron Brown Plan Crash.” Public Administration Review, 60(3): 240-253.
Ronaghan, Stephen A. 2001. Benchmarking E-Government: A Global Perspective. Retrieved from: http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/ public /documents/UN /UNPAN021547.pdf. June 26, 2011.
Rosenbloom, David H., and Kravchuk, Robert S. 2005. Public Administration: Understanding Management, Politics, and Law in the Public Sector, McGraw-Hill Publishing.
Roy, J. 2003. “The relational dynamics of e-governance: A case study of the City of Ottawa.” Public Performance & Management Review, 264: 391-403.
Samer, Ibrahim Mofleh1, and Mohammed, Wanous. 2008. Understanding Factors Influencing Citizens’ Adoption of e-Government Services in the Developing World: Jordan as a Case Study. Retrieved from: http://www.dcc.ufla.br/ infocomp/artigos/v7.2/art01. June 12, 2010.
Sawafi, A. 2003. “E-Governance Technologies for enabling trust in Citizen Relation Management.” In proceedings of the Symposium on E-Government: Opportunities & Challenges. May 10-12, Muscat, Oman.
Schedler, A. 1999. Conceptual Accountability. In Andreas Schedler, Larry 30 Diamond, and Marc F. Plattner (Eds.). The Self-restraining State: Power and Accountability in New Democracies. Boulder: Lynne Rienner publishers.
Scharpf, F. 1999. Governing in Europe. Effective and Democratic?, Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Schillemanns, T. 2008. “Accountability in the Shadow of Hierarchy: The Horizontal Accountability of Agencies.” Public Organization Review, 8(2): 175-194.
Scott, C. 2000. “Accountability and the Regulatory State.” Journal of Law and Society, 27(1): 38-60.
Sinclair, A. 1995. “The Chameleon of Accountability: Forms and Discourses.” Accounting Organizations and Society, 20(2): 219-237.
Skogstad, G. 2003. “Who Governs? Who Should Govern?: Political Authority and Legitimacy in Canada in the Twenty-First Century.” Canadian Journal of Political Science, 36 (5): 955-973.
Shafi, Al-Shafi., and Vishanth, Weerakkody. 2009. “Understanding Citizens' Behavioual Intention in the Adoption of E-Government Services in the State of QATAR.” 17th European Conference on Information Systems, 1-13.
Sharma, S. 2007. “Exploring best practices in Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in egovernment through select Asian case studies.” The International Information & Library Review, 39: 203-210.
Shelley, M.C., Thrane, L.E., and Shulman, S.W. 2006. “Generational differences in informational technology use and political involvement.” International Journal of Electronic Government Research , 2(1): 36-53.
Stirton, L., and Lodge, M. 2001. “Transparency Mechanisms: Building Publicness into Public Services”. Journal of Law and Society, 28(4): 471-489.
Stokes, Donald E. 1962. “Popular Evaluations of Government: An Empirical Assessment.” In Ethics and Bigness: Scientific, Academic, Religious, Political, and Military, edited by Harlan Cleveland and Harold D. Lasswell. New York: Harper and Brothers.
Straub, D., Keil, M., and Brenner, W. 1997. “Testing the Technology Acceptance Model Across Cultures: A Three Country Study.” Information and Management, 33: 1-11.
Strøm, K. 2000. “Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies.” European Journal of Political Research, 37(3): 261-290.
Subhajyoti Ray. 2012. “Reinforcing accountability in public services: an ICT enabled framework.” Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 6(2): 135-148.
Tero, Erkkilä. 2007. “Governance and Accountability: a Shift in Conceptualisation.” Public Administration Quarterly, 31(1): 1-38.
Thomas, J. C. 1998. “Maintaining and restoring public trust in government agencies and their employees.” Administration & Society, 30: 166-193.
Thomas, J. C., and Streib, G. 2005. “E-Democracy, e-commerce, and e-research: Examining the electronic ties between citizen and governments.” Administration & Society, 37(3): 259-280.
Thompson, S.H.Teo, Shirish, C.S., and Li, Jiang. 2009. “Trust and electronic government success: An empirical study.” Journal of Management Information System, 25(3): 99-131.
Timney, M. 1998. “Overcoming administrative barriers to citizen participation.” In C.S. King & C. Stivers (Eds.), Government is us. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 88-101.
Tolbert, Caroline J., and Mossberger, Karen. 2006. “The Effects of E-Government of Trust and Confidence in Government.” Public Administration Review, 66(3): 354-369.
Toress, L., Pina, V., and Acerete, B., 2006. “E-Governance Developments in European Union Cities: Reshaping Government’s Relationship with Citizens.” Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions.19(2) :277–302.
Trebilcock, M. J., and Edward. M. I. 2003. “Privatization and Accountability.” Harvard Law Review, 116(5): 1422- 1453.
Uhr, J. 1993. “Redesigning accountability”. Australian Quarterly, 65(Winter): 1-16.
UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2008. The UN E-Government Survey 2008: From E-Government to Connected Governance. Retrieved from http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan028607.pdf. June 20, 2011.
Van Kersbergen, and Van Waarden. 2004. “Governance as a bridge between disciplines: Cross-disciplinary inspiration regarding in governance and problems of governability, accountability and legitimacy.” European Journal of Political Research, 43: 143-171.
Wangpipatwong, S., Chutimaskul, W., and Papasraton, B. 2008. “understanding citizen’s continuance intention to use e-government website: a composite view of technology acceptance model and computer self-efficacy.” The electronic journal of e-government, 6(1): 55-64.
Warkentin, M., Gefen, D., Pavlou, P. A., and Rose, M. G. 2002. “Encouraging citizen adoption of e-government by building trust.” Electornic Markets, 12(3): 157-162.
Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language. 1986, Unabridged(Merriam-Webster).
Welch, E. W., Hinnant, C. C., and Moon, M. 2005. “Linking Citizen Satisfaction with E-Government and Trust in Government.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 15(3): 371-391.
Welch, E.W., and Hinnant, C.C. 2003. “Internet use, transparency and interactivity effects on trust in government.” Proceedings of the 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
Wescott, C. 2001. “E-Government in the Asia-Pacific Region.” Asian Journal of Political Science, 9(2): 1-24.
West, Darrell M. 2004.“E-Government and the Transformation of Service Delivery and Citizen Attitudes.” Public Administration Review, Washington: 64(1): 15-27.
Wong, W., and Welch, E. 2004. “Does E-Government Promote Accountability? A Comparative Analysis of Website Openness and Government Accountability.” Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions, 17(2): 275-297.
World Bank. 2010. “The World Development Indicators”. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/wdi-final.pdf. June 20, 2011.
Van Dijk, J. A. G. M., Peters, O., and Ebbers, W. 2008. “Explaining the acceptance and use of government internet services: A multivariate analysis of 2006 survey data in the Netherlands.” Government Information Quarterly, 25(3): 379-399.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., and Davis, F. D. 2003. “User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view.” MIS Quarterly, 27(3): 425-478.
Verba, Sidney. Burns, Nancy., and Schlozman, Kay Lehman. 1997. “Knowing and caring about politics: gender and political engagement.” The Journal of Politics, 59: 1051-1072.
Verhoest,B., Verschuere, K.F., and M.Peters, B.G. 2005. “Accountability and Accountability Arrangements in Public Agencies.” In Christensen,T. & Laegreid,P.(ed) Autonomy and Regulation: Coping with agencies in the Modern State, UK: Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.