國慶日意指國家的誕生日，它是一個以建國初始歷史記憶為基礎的政治象徵，意在喚醒、凝聚國民的光榮感與向心力，亦向國內外展現傳統延續且發展永續的立國精神。建國已屆百年的中華民國，國名雖然依舊維持，但時至今日其政治體制、社會文化、國際地位，甚至在統治範圍及國民組成上都已歷經極大變遷。作為國家最高慶典的雙十國慶，在國家體質近百年來持續且時而劇烈的變化下，其制定到實施的過程，在形式內涵等層面上，亦反映出政治文化及歷史記憶的變貌，值得吾人作為一個國家歷史的縮影來觀察。近年，美國及日本、中國學界從政治、社會文化史或是文獻考證的角度，主要探討了中華民國成立到遷臺以前，國慶日的制定、實施過程及其影響，本文將引述現有研究成果，佐以史料發現，概述中國大陸時期國慶日的歷史，更將焦點置至戰後臺灣的黨國威權時期，勾勒國民黨政權於外在國際環境及內在統治基礎皆有劇烈變動下，如何籍由國慶日場合繼續宣稱其統治正當性，而它在九○年代後民主化和本土化的臺灣社會中，又呈現何種變貌。

Any and every National Day of a people or group of peoples is designed as historic symbol to engrave the founding of country, to awaken its people to the memories of its glorious past, to encourage the royalty to its nation, in addition to showing off this nation thus found has inherited the proud national tradition, and will make an endless development into the future. The founding of the Republic of China as a nation has now reached its centennial anniversary. Even through the name has continuously been kept intact since its retreat to the Taiwan islands, there have been witnessed many inevitable changes in its political structure and social culture internally, in its international relations with other nations externally, as well as in its sovereignty and even the composition of peoples generally. As the most important commemoration of the ROC., the Double Ten Day has too showed various changes during its century. Recently, there are found some researches in the USA, Japan and the PRC focusing on the ROC's numerous Double Ten Days celebrated on Mainland China before the Communist takeover, but there has not yet been shown much concern about the changes that had taken place after the evacuation of the ROC government to Taiwan since 1949. This official holiday had been an excellent and exclusive realm for KMT's assertion of its legitimacy on the One-China policy until 1990's when considerable changes took place in the wake or as a result of the democratization and localization in Taiwan. This article tries to demonstrate the various transitions relating to the celebrations of the Double Ten Day, as found in the findings of recent researches and historical materials.