The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of coach-athlete relationship on the association between paternalistic leadership and team cohesion. This study recruited 185 female basketball players (aged 18.8 ± 1.9 years) from the top eight teams from division-1 high school or university league. After research consent was obtained from all participants, a battery of questionnaires, which including Paternalistic Leadership Scale, Coach- Athlete Relationship Scale (CART-Q) and Group Environment Scale were conducted. Results from structural equation modeling revealed that partial mediation effects of coach-athlete relationships were witnessed between moral leadership and task cohesion. In addition, full mediation effects were emerged between authoritarianism leadership and task cohesion. Similarly, full mediation patterns also witnessed on moral and authoritarianism leadership on social cohesion. Based on study results we suggest important applications of the study, including how coach can promote team cohesion through both modified one's leadership style (CART-Q) and create specific coach-athlete relationship. Furthermore, future directions such as integrated different types of relational orientation (for example, peer relationships) into the coach-athlete relationship and related outcome variables under the context of sports were also discussed.