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題名:中國大陸的不平等結構與制度變遷
書刊名:中國大陸研究
作者:陳志柔 引用關係
作者(外文):Chen, Jay Chih-jou
出版日期:1999
卷期:42:10
頁次:頁1-15
主題關鍵詞:不平等社會階層化收入分配制度變遷Institutional transformationInequalitySocial stratificationState-society relations
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:3
  • 共同引用共同引用:203
  • 點閱點閱:36
     本文探討中共建政五十年來中國大陸的社會結構與制度變遷,兼而比較對岸臺灣 的發展經驗。本文首先比較兩岸社會的不平等結構,發現近二十年來,中國大陸城鄉差距與 財富不平等益形擴大,相形之下,臺灣的不平等結構呈現穩定平衡的形態。就社會流動而言 ,中國大陸呈現了市場與官僚並存的二元模式,一方面人力資本影響了個人的工資收入和流 動機會,但同時政治資本也可以轉換為市場資源,直接裨益了個人的財富所得。相對而言, 臺灣社會流動的機制基本上由教育成就主導,流動的管道和方式也受到族群和既有政經結構 的影響。中國大陸尚未具備明確且共同遵守的市場規範和法律章法,面臨九○年代的經濟形 勢挑戰,社會發展刻正面臨另一波的制度危機。在城市地區,單位制的涵蓋面和滲透力逐漸 式微,農村地區共黨官僚逐漸喪失執行國家代理人任務的權威。值此國家無法專制統治,市 場機能不健全之際,人際關係成為社會互動與獲取資源的主要憑藉。樂觀論者認為新興的民 間社團組織可以調和國家與人民的緊張關係,但是如果中國大陸的政治制度缺乏相應的制度 變革,社會的制度危機終將愈演愈烈。
     This paper examines the institutional transformations, particularly in the aspects of inequality and stratification mechanisms, in the course of Chinese reforms over the past two decades. It examines the increasingly inegual income distribution in China that has occured since reforms started in 1978. The increase in China's Gini coefficient has been much larger than that of Taiwan. The stratification mechanisms in China are institutionalized through market institution and bureaucratic coordination, with human capital and political capital providing access to opportunities. The dual upward ladder sees both official corruption and open competition in the market. As the workplace system retreats in urban areas and command authorities fade out in the countryside, China is facing challenges to rebuild a stable state-society relationship and to moving toward further institutional transformation.
期刊論文
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4.Lin, Nan、Ye, Xiaolan(19981100)。Chinese Rural Enterprises in Transformation: The End of the Beginning。Issues & Studies,34(11/12),1-28。  new window
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7.Zhou, Xueguang(2000)。Economic Transformation and Income Inequality in Urban China: Evidence from Panel Data。American Journal of Sociology,105(4),1135-1174。  new window
8.Lin, Nan(1995)。Local Market Socialism : Local Corporation in Action in Rural China。Theory and Society,24(3),301-354。  new window
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11.Nee, Victor(1991)。Social Inequalities in Reforming State Socialism: Between Redistribution and Markets in China。American Sociological Review,56(3),267-282。  new window
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18.劉雅靈(1999)。中國國內市場的分裂計畫經濟的制度遺產。國立政治大學社會學報,29,1-32。  延伸查詢new window
19.Rona-Tas, A.(1994)。The First Shall Be Last? Entrepreneurship and Communist Cadres in the Transition from Socialism。American Journal of Sociology,100(1),40-69。  new window
20.Kuo, Wan-Yong(1975)。Income distribution by Size in Taiwan Area: Changes and Causes。Income Distribution, Employment and Economic Development in Southeast and East Asia,1。  new window
21.Cromwell, Jerry(1977)。The Size Distribution of Income: An International Comparison。Review of Income and Wealth,23(3)。  new window
22.(1981)。Egalitarianism in China。Problems of Communism,1。  new window
23.Logan, John R.、Bian, Yanjie、Bian, Fuqin、Logan, John(1999)。Housing Inequality in Urban China in the 1990s。International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,23(1),7-25。  new window
24.中國戰略與管理研究會社會結構轉型課題組(1998)。中國社會結構轉型的中近期趨勢與隱患。戰略與管理,5,1-17。  延伸查詢new window
25.方孝謙(1999)。企業改私、集團改股-從山東B鎮的股份(合作)制經驗論私有化問題。國立政治大學社會學報,29,33-51。  延伸查詢new window
26.Hsiao, Hsin-Huang Michael(1998)。Assessing the Nascent Civil Society in Fjuian。Contemporary China Area Studies,8,48-58。  new window
會議論文
1.陳志柔(1999)。市場過渡或權力轉換:中國城市居民的財富分配與地區差異。香港。  延伸查詢new window
2.陳志柔(1995)。族群、生涯發展、和工作流動:經濟部門流動過程的族群差異。「變遷中的臺灣社會:第二次台灣地區社會變遷基本調查」國際研討會。臺北:中央研究院民族學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Oi, Jean C.(1999)。Rural China Takes Off: The Political Basis of Economic Reform。Berkeley, CA:University of California Press。  new window
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3.Parkin, Frank(1971)。Class Inequality and Political Order: Social Stratification in Capitalist and Communist Societies。New York, NY:Praeger Publishers, Inc.。  new window
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9.Walder, Andrew(1986)。Communist Neo- Traditional ism: Work and Authority in Chinese Industry。Berkeley:University of California Press。  new window
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11.Whyte, Martin King、Parish, William L.(1984)。Urban Life in Contemporary China。Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press。  new window
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14.Whyte, Martin King(1981)。Destratification and Restratification in China。Social Inequality: Comparative and Development Approaches。New York, NY。  new window
15.(1990)。中國統計年鑑1990。中國統計年鑑1990。北京。  延伸查詢new window
16.楊宜勇(1997)。公平與效率:當代中國的收入分配問題。公平與效率:當代中國的收入分配問題。北京。  延伸查詢new window
17.賴德勝(1999)。人力資本、勞動力市場與收入分配。中國居民收入分配再研究。北京。  延伸查詢new window
18.Fields, Gary(1989)。A Compendium of Data on Inequality and Poverty for the Developing World。A Compendium of Data on Inequality and Poverty for the Developing World。沒有紀錄。  new window
19.Jain, Shail(1975)。Size Distribution of Income: A Compilation of Data。Size Distribution of Income: A Compilation of Data。沒有紀錄。  new window
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21.許欣欣、李培林(1999)。1998-1999年:中國就業、收入和信息產業的分析和預測(一九九九年)。1999年:中國社會形勢分析與預測。北京。  延伸查詢new window
22.Djilas, Milovan(1957)。The New Class。The New Class。New York, NY:Frederick A. Praeger。  new window
23.Szelenyi, Ivan(1983)。Urban Inequalities under State Socialism。Urban Inequalities under State Socialism。London, UK。  new window
24.Lane, David(1982)。The End of Social Inequality? Class, Status and Power under State Socialism。The End of Social Inequality? Class, Status and Power under State Socialism。London, UK。  new window
25.Riskin, Carl(1987)。China's Political Economy。China's Political Economy。Oxford。  new window
26.游宏炳(1998)。中國收入分配差距研究。北京:中國經濟出版社。  延伸查詢new window
27.趙人偉、李實(1999)。中國居民收入差距的擴大及其原因。中國居民收入分配再研究。北京。  延伸查詢new window
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30.陳小紅(1996)。社會主義經濟轉軌到市場經濟之路-中共城鎮住房改革初探。中國區域經濟發展面面觀。香港/ 臺北。  延伸查詢new window
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其他
1.(1998)。中華民國臺灣地區八十六年家庭收支調查報告,臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Chen, Chih-jou Jay(1999)。Local Institutions and the Transformation of Property Rights in Southern Fujian。Property Rights and Economic Reform in China。Stanford, Calif.:Stanford University Press。  new window
2.孫清山、黃毅志(1995)。教育、收入與社會資源和階級取得過程之關連。台灣社會研究的回顧與前瞻。台中:東海大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.Lin, Nan、Chen, Chih-Jou Jay(1999)。Local Elites as Officials and Owners: Shareholding and Property Rights in Daqiuzhuang。Property Rights and Economic Reform in China。Stanford, CA:Stanford University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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