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題名:意識、目擊識與純粹意識
書刊名:世界宗教學刊
作者:何建興 引用關係
作者(外文):Ho, Chien-hsing
出版日期:2004
卷期:4
頁次:頁105-134
主題關鍵詞:增益個我解脫目擊識純粹意識ImpositionIndividual selfMoksaWitness consciousnessPure consciousness
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吠檀多不二一元論(Advaita Vedanta)宗師商羯羅(Wavkara)的哲學,可說表現為一種頗具特色的「內在超越」或「主體導向」的宗教思想進路。這進路從經驗意識出發,透過個人意識相關增益的消解,尋求臻及內在於我人的超越的純粹意識,後者無非永恆自由的解脫境地。本文試著依循吠檀多不二論的內在理路,以商羯羅的著作《梵經釋》與《示教千則》為主要依據,探討商氏對於個人意識的結構、作用及其超越等課題的見解,揭顯「意識」概念在商羯羅哲學裡所扮演的角色。 本文第一節序言,第二節簡述商羯羅的「真我」(atman)與「個我」(jiva)概念,概述此二者的關係。第三節探討意識狀態(pratyata)與目擊識(saksin)二者的體性結構與關係,並比較佛教量論的心識三分說與商氏意識理論二者的異與同,討論商羯羅對佛教意識論的批判。第四節剖析目擊識與純粹意識(=真我)二者的關係,並就商氏「真我不可能被否定」一論題,與西哲笛卡兒「我思故我在」論題相比較,以顯示兩人進路的差異、商氏進路的相對殊勝性及其根本問題。第四節也述及商羯羅的解脫觀,並於第五節結語處扼要然出其理論困難。
The philosophy of Wavkara, the main exponent of the Hindu Advaita Vedanta school, may be said to represent a religious-philosophic approach of immanent transcendence. The approach starts from our empirical consciousness and seeks, through dissolving our unreal impositions of intellect, to attain to the pure consciousness deeply immanent within us, which is nothing but the ever-free state known as moksa. The present paper resorts to Wavkara’s key works, Brahmasutra-Wavkarabhasya and Upadewa Sahasri, to investigate into his views concerning the structure and functioning of individual consciousness and its transcendence in order to reveal the role the notion of consciousness play in Wavkara’s philosophy.
期刊論文
1.何建興(20040600)。商羯羅論不可說者的言說。國立臺灣大學哲學論評,27,1-40。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Olivelle, Patrick(1998)。The Early Upanisads: Annotated Text and Translation。New York:Oxford University Press。  new window
2.Hiriyanna, M.(1993)。Outlines of Indian Philosophy。Delhi:Motilal Banarsidass Publ.。  new window
3.江亦麗(1997)。商羯羅。臺北:東大圖書。  延伸查詢new window
4.孫晶(2001)。印度吠檀多不二論哲學。北京:東方出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.陳榮捷(1983)。王陽明傳息錄詳註集評。臺北:台灣學生書局。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Comans, Michael(2000)。The Method of Early Advaita Vedanta。Delhi:Motilal Banarsidass。  new window
7.Cottingham, John(1996)。Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
8.Deutsch, Eliot(1973)。Advaita Vedanta。Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press。  new window
9.Fort, Andrew O.(1998)。Jivanmukti in Transformation: embodied liberation in Advaita and Neo-Vedanta。Albany:State University of New York。  new window
10.Gambhirananda, Swami(1983)。Brahma-sutra-bhasya of Wri Wavkaracarya。Calcutta:Advaita Ashram。  new window
11.Hick, John(1989)。An Interpretation of Religion。New Haven, Connecticut:Yale University Press。  new window
12.Halbfass, Wilhelm(1995)。Philology and Confrontation: Paul Hacker on Traditional and Modern Vedanta。Albany:State University of New York。  new window
13.Gambhirananda, Swami(1989)。Eight Upanisads with the Commentary of Wavkaracarya。Calcutta:Advaita Ashrama。  new window
14.Halbfass, Wilhelm(1991)。Tradition and Reflection: Explorations in Indian Thought。Albany:State University of New York。  new window
15.Jagadananda, Swami(2000)。Upadewa Sahasri of Wri Wavkaracarya (A Thousand Teachings)。Chennai:Sri Ramakrishna Math。  new window
16.Madhavananda, Swami(2000)。Vivekacudamani of Wri Wavkaracarya。Calcutta:Advaita Ashrama。  new window
17.Mayeda, Sengaku(1992)。A Thousand Teachings--The Upadewasahasri of Wavkara。Albany:State University of New York Press。  new window
18.Nikhilananda, Swami(2000)。The Mandukyopanisad with Gaudapada's Karika and Wavkara's Commentary。Calcutta:Advaita Ashrama。  new window
19.Potter, Karl H.(1981)。Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: Advaita Vedanta up to Wamkara and His Pupils。Delhi:Motilal Banarsidass。  new window
20.Raju, P. T.(1985)。Structural Depths of Indian Thought。New Delhi:South Asian Publishers。  new window
21.Wavkara(1964)。Ten Principal Upanisads with Wavkarabhasya。Delhi:Motilal Banarsidass。  new window
22.Wastri, Swami Dwarikadas(1985)。Nyayabindu of Acharya Dharmakirti with the commentaries by Arya Vinitadeva & Dharmottara & Dharmottar-tika-tippani。Varanasi:Bauddha Bharati。  new window
23.Shastri, J. L.(1980)。Brahmasutra-Wavkarabhasyam。Delhi:Motilal Banarsidass。  new window
24.萬金川(19980000)。詞義之爭與義理之辨:佛教思想研究論文集。南投:正觀。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Balasubramanian, R.(2000)。Wavkara。History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization。New Delhi:Center for Studies in Civilization。  new window
2.Mohanty, J. N.(1993)。Consciousness in Vedanta。J. N. Mohanty Essays on Indian Philosophy Traditional and Modern。Oxford:Oxford University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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