在科學引領全人類社會發展的時代趨向中，科學所導入的一種分裂的價值觀以及其進步與毀滅同具的雙刃效應，引起越來越多的關注，而宗教與科學間的衝突化解，則逐漸越被視為一條解決危機的有效出路，為學者們所熱烈討論。其中，一向被學者認為對於科學具有智識與道德雙動矯治功能的佛學，由於其本具的理性特質以皮教理上的完整與圓融性質，更曾被視為可扮演化解科學與宗教衝突的最佳角色。從過去的宗教或科學單一極柷主導，發展至新世紀，從文明發展的因素看，信仰與理性調和的中間路線乃為眾所期待的一條新世紀出路；從佛學與科學所扮演的角色看，在新世紀科學不能再獨白，佛法應為科學文明所帶來的種種負面效應承擔起新的調和使命，二者的互動，應是以標立「理性尊嚴」並解決「靈性危機」的一種同謀。是故，佛學與科學共存同謀乃新世紀被期待要走的路，而對話，正是其中一個重要且有效的落實。顯然地，這個對話將具足化解前時代毀滅性與分裂性之危機以及為新時代確立價值與意義等時代意涵。然而，對話的成功則有賴二者在對話時，秉持一種尊重差異、異中求同與重視啟發性的精神進行交談，期以兩造對話激勵出時代性、啟發性的思想火花，為人類社會開創正向積極的發展路線。

Science has been leading the development of human civilization for the past few centuries, brining not only tremendous progress to individual life and society, but also mass destruction and damage to natural environment. This double-edged effect and spiritual crisis triggered by science’s overvaluation of material progress. As well as the schism between another and faith thus created, is the focus of many scholarly studies. On another vein, during the last century, some have begun to regard religion as a correction and complement to science as people become disillusioned from the dream that science is able to perfect the world. In other words, some believe that religion can give humans what science could not. The more science disappoints people, the more popular this belief may become. Accordingly, reconciling the conflict between religion and science is seen to be an effective solution to the crisis triggered by science and this is therefore enthusiastically studies. Among all religions, Buddhism, possessing the qualities of rationality, comprehensiveness and internal consistency, has been regarded as a rectification of science both in intellectual and moral aspects, and has the best potential to harmonize the relationship between science and religion. Therefore, the social and cultural background of today will be investigated in this paper to clarify the present and future stand of Buddhism and science, and the interaction between them. Based on historical experience and the situation today, a dialogue mode will be considered to be the best way of the interaction between Buddhism and modern science in finding a friendly one. Besides, the time meaning and spirit of the dialogue between Buddhism and science are inferred. Being able to solve the spiritual crisis, set up new and constructive values of the new era, and disengage the deadlock between religion and science will be the times meaning of this dialogue. In order to achieve an effective dialogue, the spirit of respecting each other’s differences, finding similarities among differences, and sharing insights from each other are indispensable.