In the appreciation and interpretation of literary texts, the concepts of "understanding a person and his epoch" and "meeting authorial intention with the idea of the text" have indispensable interpretive values in literary criticism. However, a closer study at the "intentionality" of these two concepts as proposed by Mencius reveals that the derivative analyses and critical approaches in fact depart from Mencius's idea of "intentionality." This study therefore focuses on the concept "intentionality" as understood in phenomenology in order to re-investigate Mencius's proposition of "understanding a person and his epoch" and "meeting authorial intention with the idea of the text" in the interpretation of literary texts. On the basis of recognizing the core values of Mencius's thoughts, this study re-examines the interpretative implications of "intentionality" as inherent in Mencius's theory. This study proposes that at the center of Mencius's interpretive methods lies the pursuit of three integrated dimensions: "ethics," "self-cultivation," and "discernment," which is realized in a system of interpretation. Therefore, the interpretative "intentionality" of Mencius's "understanding a person and his epoch" and "meeting authorial intention with the idea of the text" is an imitative construction of a society which integrates ethics, discernment, and self-cultivation. Compared with purely theoretical analysis, such approach is closer to the Chinese way of thought and life philosophy.