研究目的：探討職能治療師在原住民族地區服務的現況及現行長期照顧政策對其在原住民族地區服務的影響。研究方法：本研究於2016年7至12月，運用民族誌的研究取徑，以台灣南部二個山地原住民鄉（M鄉及S鄉）為研究場域，針對服務於M鄉及S鄉的二位職能治療師（治療師M及治療師S）進行半結構式的深度訪談，並觀察與記錄其工作環境與治療流程。此外，為了解台灣長照制度對原住民族地區職能治療的影響，亦辦理二場焦點座談會，參加人員分別來自原住民族委員會、縣市長照中心、縣市衛生局、醫院及衛生所等單位。研究結果：為有效恢復原住民族長者日常生活職能，治療師M及治療師S結合族群文化元素（如族語、人際關係及族群物件）於職能治療方案中，故可被視為原住民族長照的文化照顧實踐者。但值得注意的是，個人、社會組織及政策性因子會降低職能治療師留在原住民族地區服務的動機與意願。研究結論：因職能治療師可成為原住民族文化照顧落的實踐者，政府應積極消除阻礙職能治療師於原住民族地區服務的礙障。

Purpose: We explored how occupational therapy (OT) is practiced, and how the nation's long-term care (LTC) policies affect therapists' motivation to practice OT in indigenous townships. Methods: We conducted an ethnographic study with 2 therapists who provided OT services in 2 indigenous townships in southern Taiwan. We used in-depth interviews and participant observation to study therapists' working conditions and therapeutic processes with 2 therapists and 4 treatments. In addition, we held one focus group for each indigenous townships. For each focus group, we had members of the Council of Indigenous Peoples, LTC management centers, city health bureaus, regional hospitals, and township health centers. Results: Therapists' healing programs incorporated indigenous cultural elements, such as language, important interpersonal relationships, and material creations (e.g., homemade furniture); they incorporated culture into LTC. However, there exist individual (i.e., therapists'career goals, occupational achievements, occupational status, and social identities), institutional (i.e., professional goals and supports, cultural boundaries, and tribal political ecology), and political (i.e., national LTC policies, and salary structure) factors demotivate therapists to practice OT in indigenous townships. Conclusions: To encourage occupational therapists to engage in cultural care of indigenous townships, the government should actively remove all individual, institutional, and political obstacles.