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題名:美國聯邦公務員工作權利救濟之研究
作者:楊戊龍 引用關係
作者(外文):Yang, Wu-Lung
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學法教分處
系所名稱:政治學研究所
指導教授:彭錦鵬
黃錦堂
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2003
主題關鍵詞:申訴訴怨正當法律程序司法審查紀律處分與不利處分人事禁止規定替代性爭議途徑公務員權利appealgrievancedue process of lawjudicial reviewdisciplinary action & adverse actionprohibited personnel practicesalternative dispute resolutionrights of public employees
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本研究分從組織結構、法理基礎、救濟程序、司法審查四個面向探討美國聯邦公務員工作權利救濟制度。組織結構面向探討範圍包括聯邦公務員權利救濟制度之沿革、權責機關及其分工、各機關解決管轄爭議之方式。法理基礎面向探討範圍僅限於(一)聯邦公務員任用及免職之法理基礎,及(二)聯邦公務員工作權保護之法理基礎兩部分,不包括平等權及自由權。救濟程序面向探討範圍包括(一)行政機關對公務員為不利、考績(不及格)及人力裁減等處分暨功績制保護委員會審理申訴案件所應踐行之程序,及(二)功績制保護委員會審理紀律、矯正等處分案件之程序及其法規審查權。司法審查面向探討範圍限於司法審查之性質、類型、標準、範圍及其在公共人事行政領域之應用等議題。歸結言之,美國聯邦公務員工作權利救濟制度具有下列特點:(一)人事管理與救濟職能分離;(二)設有協助公務員保護權利之機制;(三)鼓勵使用替代性爭議解決途徑;(四)兼顧個人權利保護與政府有效運作之正當程序原則;(五)行政機關對公務員為不利處分享有廣泛裁量權;(六)樹立明確的人事管理原則;(七)重視揭發不法公務員之保護;(八)公務員有權參與不利處分及考績(不及格)處分之作成;(九)中立、獨立、公正及專業之申訴程序;(十)功績制保護委員會申訴程序之重心在初審;(十一)審查範圍及標準明確;(十二)司法尊重行政救濟決定;及(十三)功績用人與徇私用人皆是政府有效運作的人事作為。
此外,本研究為了增加本土性關懷,探索我國制度之改進空間,亦進一步以研究美國(聯邦)制度所得之基礎,分別從公務人員權利救濟之整體組織架構及權責、權利救濟之法理基礎(限於工作權保障部分)、救濟案件類型及程序、行政程序與行政訴訟之關係等四面向,比較美國(聯邦)與我國制度上之差異,並就我國公務人員保障制度上的幾個問題提出一些看法。我國現行公務人員保障制度,基本上呈現保障組織專業性及公正性不足、機關獨立之設計未顧及行政權運作原則之維護、兩極化及矯枉過正之事前處分程序、事後救濟程序不符正當程序原則、缺乏保護人事政策價值之積極配套機制、申訴標的過度廣泛、復審標的過於狹窄、懲戒權本質及保訓會屬性需重新定位等問題。因此,本研究分別對人事處分程序、權利救濟組織與程序、申訴及再申訴、維護人事管理原則機制、及考績、懲處與懲戒等部分提出一些改進建議。
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三、網站
http://www.opm.gov/(美國聯邦人事管理局網站)
http://www.mspb.gov/(美國聯邦功績制保護委員會網站)
http://www.osc.gov/(美國聯邦特別檢察官辦公室網站)
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http://www.flra.gov/(聯邦勞動關係委員會網站)
http://www.findlaw.com/(有關美國聯邦法律、法規、法院判決資料網站)
http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/(康乃爾大學法學資料網站)
http://www.fedcir.gov/(美國聯邦巡迴上訴法院網站)
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http://www.exam.gov.tw/(考試院網站)
 
 
 
 
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